It is due to inter-molecular hydrogen bond.

Nitrogen present in ammonia is capable of forming hydrogen bonding with neighboring ammonia molecules which increases their intermolecular force of attraction. As a result, higher amount of heat energy needs to be supplied to break this bond. So, it has a higher boiling point.

However, hydrogen bonding cannot be imagined in Phosphine.

Bond length is defined as the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.

Bolnd length depends upon the Electronegativity difference of combining atoms, Atomic size of combining atoms, Nature of Hybridization and Type of bond.

• Molecule with higher EN difference have shorter bond length.
• Molecule whose constituent atoms are larger in size has larger bond length.
• Molecules with sp hybridization have shorter bond lengths than those with sp2 and sp3 hybrization.
• Multiple...

Sigma bond is stronger than Pi bond.

Following are the major differences between pi bond and sigma bond:

Hybridization is defined as the process of formation of degenerate hybrid orbitals by the inter-mixing of atomic orbitals of comparable energy levels. This concept was introduced to strengthen the Valence Bond Theory.

Following are the types of hybridization:

sp hybridization:

In this hybridization, one s-orbital and one p-orbital combine together to form two sp hybrid orbitals. Each hybrid orbital has 50% s-character and 50% p-character.

sp2 hybridization:

In this hybridization, one s-orbital and...

Coordinate covalent bond: A bond formed containing both coordinate and covalent bond is defined as coordinate covalent bond.

Coordinate covalent compound: A compound possesing both coordinate and covalent bond is defined as coordinate covalent compound.

Coordinate bond:A bond formed when an electron-rich atom donates one or more lone pair of electrons to the acceptor atom is defined as coordinate bond. In this type of bond, there is no mutual sharing of electrons. The atom which gives electrons...

Covalent compouns are linked together by covalent force of attraction due to which there exists less force of attraction between the binding molecules. As a result, less energy is required to break this bond. As a result, they have low melting and boiling point.

Covalent bonds are directional in nature because they are formed due to the overlapping of orbitals of two or more atoms that arrange each other in a way to maintain minimum repulsion and ensure maximum stability.

Covalent bond is defined as the bond existing between two atoms formed by the mutual sharing of electrons by the both atoms.

Covalency is the meausre of number of valence electrons that can be actively shared by an atom in forming a covalent bond.

The conditions for forming a covalent bond are as follows:

• Combining elements should have same or comparable values of Electronegativity
• Elements must have enough electrons in their valence shell (usually 5,6, or 7) in order to form a stable compound...

Sodium Chloride conducts electricity due to free ions. In solid state, the ions are strongly bonded to the oppositely charged ions to form compact molecules, probhibiting their free movement. However, in molten state, these ions are free to move and can easily conduct electricity.

Following are the conditions for electrovalency:

1. Combination of Metal and Non-metal
2. Metal should have low Ionization Energy
3. Non-metal should have high Electron Affinity
4. Large size of cations and Small size of anions

Following are some of the properties of Electrovalent compounds:

1. In room temperature, they are generally solids.
2. Usually, they have high Boiling point and high Melting point.
3. They are good conductors of electricity in their molten or fused state due to the presence of free ions.
4. ...

a) Electronic theory of valency: It is a theory explaining the combining capacity of an element based on the number of electrons present in the valence (outermost or ultimate) shell of an atom of an element.

b) Core electrons: All the electrons present in other than the ultimate shell of an atom of an element are called core electrons.

c) Octet rule: An octet rule is defined as a general rule according to which elements tend to have eight electrons in their valence shell in order to attain a...