Now, one 2s and one 2p orbitals undergo sp hybridization to form two sp hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy and identical shape and size which take linear geometry with bond angle 180º. Unhybridized 2p_yand 2p_zorbitals remain perpendicular to...

Each carbon has two half-filled orbitals in ground state (1s², 2s², 2px¹2py^1,2pz⁰). It has four half-filled orbitals in excited state since one electron is promoted from 2s to empty 2p orbital during chemical combination (1s², 2s², 2px¹2py^1,2pz⁰).

Now, one 2s and two 2p orbitals undergo sp²hybridization to form three sp²hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy and identical shape and size which take trigonal planar geometry with bond angle 120º. Unhybridized 2pz half-filled orbital remains...

Each carbon has four half-filled orbitals in excited state since one electron is promoted from 2s to empty 2p orbital during chemical combination. Now, one 2s and three 2p orbitals undergo sp3 hybridization to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy and identical shape which take tetrahedral geometry with bond angle 109.28.

One half filled sp3 hybrid orbital of one carbon atom overlaps with half-filled sp3 orbital of another carbon atom head-to-head forming a carbon-to-carbon sigma...

Carbon has two half-filled orbitals in ground state (1s², 2s², 2px¹2py¹, 2pz⁰). It has four half-filled orbitals in excited state since one electron is promoted from 2s to empty 2p orbital during chemical combination (1s², 2s², 2px¹2py¹, 2pz⁰)

Now one 2s and three 2p orbitals undergo sp3 hybridization to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy and identical shape and size which takes tetrahedral geometry with bond angle 109.28º.

Each half filled sp³hybrid orbital of carbon atom...

Compounds with hydrogen bonding tend to have higher melting and boiling points because the hydrogen bonding leads to stronger intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules, and they affect the physical properties of a substance, including melting and boiling points.

Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine....