Which orbital is non directional?
They are non directional because they are spherical in shape and probability of finding electrons at a particular distance from the nucleus is same in all directions.
What are the factors which result on the effective hydrogen bonding? Give one example each of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules. It results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom(covalently bonded to a very E.N. atom such as a N, O, or F atom) and another very electronegative atom( N,O or F).
The factors for effective hydrogen bonding are: 1. Electronegativity of the atom must be high.2. Atomic size of the E.N. atom must be small. So, only F,O and N are able to make H-bond.
Intermolecular hydrogen bonding:
- Water (H₂O)
- Alcohol (R-OH) and water (H₂O)
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding:
- o-nitrophenol