The stage of cell division in which paired homologous chromosomes get shortened and thickened is prophase I of meiosis. During this stage, the chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures, allowing for the homologous chromosomes to pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. The shortening and thickening of the chromosomes during prophase I is important for proper alignment and separation of the homologous chromosomes during subsequent...

The order of magnitude of a physical quantity is its magnitude in powers of ten when the physical quantity is expressed in powers of ten with one digit to the left of the decimal.

Orders of magnitude are generally used to make very approximate comparisons and reflect very large differences.

The two vectors (say A and B) of different magnitudes cannot be combined to give zero resultant since minimum value of combination is ІA-BІ which is not zero if AB.

The three vectors A, B and C of different magnitudes can be zero such that they form a closed triangle, then,

      A+B+C=0

or, C=-(A+B)

Hence, the sum of three vectors may be zero if vector sum of any two vectors is equal and opposite to the third vector.

Note: The vectors can give this result only if...