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Any vector directed in two dimensions can be thought of as having two different components. The component of a single vector describes the influence of that vector in a given direction.

In benzene molecule, carbon and carbon bond can't have polarity because there is not any electronegativity difference and the carbon hydrogen is also not much polar because the electronegativity difference is almost zero and also the small pull due to small difference in Electronegativity is balanced due to even pull from all directions.

In chlorobenzene the electronegativity difference between carbon and chlorine is very high so, it is polar.

(to compare polarity first check electronegativity...

Dextrorotatory and dextrorotation are terms used in chemistry to describe the direction in which a substance rotates plane-polarized light. When a substance is said to be dextrorotatory, it means that it rotates plane-polarized light to the right or clockwise direction, whereas when it is levorotatory, it rotates plane-polarized light to the left or counterclockwise direction.

The terms "dextrorotatory" and "levorotatory" come from the Latin words "dexter" meaning "right" and "lævus" meaning...