A homologous series is a systematic family or class of structurally similar organic compound, containing the same functional groups in which two adjacent member differ from each other by CH2 units or 14 amu masses.

The characteristics of homologous series are as follow:

1. All the members of a homologous series contain the same functional group.

2. The various members of a series can be assigned by a common formula, which is also known as general formula.

3. The physical properties such as...

The functional groups that contains oxygen atoms are:
i. Ether (-O-)
ii. Alcohol (-OH)
iii. Aldehyde (-CHO)
iv. Ketone (-CO)
v. Carboxylic acid (-COOH)

The monovalent hydrocarbon unit derived from an alkane by removal of hydrogen atom is called as alkyl group.

The difference between alkyl and alkane are given below:

A functional group is an atom or group of atom linked with carbon that determines characteristic, properties of the organic compound. For example: --OH(Alcohol), --O--(Ether). --CHO(Aldehyde), --COOH (carboxylic acid) etc.

Catenation is the unique property of an atoms of an element to link with one another for forming polymers (long chain) of identical atom.

Organic compounds is the compound of hydrogen and compound and their derivatives having covalent bonding .Organic compounds are more in number than inorganic compounds due to the unique common constituent carbon and its unique property. They are:

1. Tetravalency of Carbon: Carbon avails four valence electron during hybridization(1s², 2s¹, 2p_x¹, 2p_y¹, 2p_z¹)....