21 Chemistry -- Basic Concept of Organic Chemistry

Define homologous series. Write the characteristics of homologues series.

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A homologous series is a systematic family or class of structurally similar organic compound, containing the same functional groups in which two adjacent member differ from each other by CH2 units or 14 amu masses.

The characteristics of homologous series are as follow:

1. All the members of a homologous series contain the same functional group.

2. The various members of a series can be assigned by a common formula, which is also known as general formula.

3. The physical properties such as density, melting point of the members of a homologous series show a regular graduation with a rise in molecular mass.

4. The chemical properties of the member of a homologous series are similar though the first member may vary considerably from rest of the members.

Hi! I have confusion in functional group. I have got a homework that whether R= H or not. for eg. R-OH, R is not equal to H coz it form water. Similarly, in ketone, ether, acid anhydride, and thio...

What is meant by octane number of fuel is 75 ?

The octane number of fuel is 75 means that a fuel that knocks at the same compression level as a mixture of 75% iso-octane mixed with 25% n-heptane would have an octane rating of 75.

What is meant by catenation? Why are organic compounds more in number than inorganic compounds?

Catenation is the unique property of an atoms of an element to link with one another for forming polymers (long chain) of identical atom.

Organic compounds is the compound of hydrogen and compound and their derivatives having covalent bonding .Organic compounds are more in number than inorganic compounds due to the unique common constituent carbon and its unique property. They are:

1. Tetravalency of Carbon: Carbon avails four valence electron during hybridization(1s², 2s¹, 2p_x¹, 2p_y¹, 2p_z¹)....

What is functional group? Give some examples.

A functional group is an atom or group of atom linked with carbon that determines characteristic, properties of the organic compound. For example: --OH(Alcohol), --O--(Ether). --CHO(Aldehyde), --COOH (carboxylic acid) etc.

What is alkyl group? Write the differences between alkyl group and alkane .

The monovalent hydrocarbon unit derived from an alkane by removal of hydrogen atom is called as alkyl group.

The difference between alkyl and alkane are given below:

Alkyl Group	Alkane
A radical formed after losing one hydrogen from alkane is called alky group.	The hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are connected by a single covalent bond is called alkane.
It's general formula is C_nH_2n+1.	It's general formula is C_nH_2n+2.
It can be represented by R-- . For example: methyl, ethyl,...

Name Five Functional groups that contain oxygen atoms.

The functional groups that contains oxygen atoms are:
i. Ether (-O-)
ii. Alcohol (-OH)
iii. Aldehyde (-CHO)
iv. Ketone (-CO)
v. Carboxylic acid (-COOH)

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