Who introduced the concept of physical quality of life index?

Quality of life means the method of existence of life along with happiness and satisfaction from the fulfilment of basic needs and other social, cultural and psychological needs of people.

Low quality of life id the life without satisfaction and happiness due to the absence of fulfillment of basic needs and other social, cultural and psychological needs of people.

Any two advantages of quality of life are:
        - Maintenance of good family health that improves community and nation's health.
        - Fulfillment of basic and other needs of the family brings the inner satisfaction and happiness among the family members.

Any two physical needs of quality of life are:
        - Air
        - Water, food, shelter, etc.

Education and health services are the sociocultural needs of quality of life.

Any two conditions of low quality of life are:
        - No fulfillment of basic needs.
        - No access to health services, education, etc.

The approach of basic needs was developed in 1970 AD.

Any two measures to attain the quality of life are listed below:
        - Fulfillment of basic needs.
        - Management of health services and quality education.

Quality of life is the degree of satisfaction from the fulfillment of basic and other needs of the people. In addition, it id the sense of being pleased with what one has. There are varieties of peoples living in the society f the nation. Different families has different economic status and literary level. Some families in the society are even under poverty line and some families have every of their needs fulfilled. Not every families in the society has good income, employment, saving,...

Quality of life is the life with the happiness and satisfaction achieved through the fulfillment of different basic, social, cultural, physical needs of the people. It denotes the overall condition of life status of family and its family members. The attainment of quality of life results on the happy, healthy and productive life. One can live the happy and healthy life through the fulfillment of basic needs. The good access to health services, education, nutritious food, etc. enables people...

Quality of life is the satisfaction and happiness achieved through the fulfillment of the needs of the people. But, it is difficult to measure the level of satisfaction.
It is a common phenomenon that even the persons with the same socioeconomic family background having equal fulfillment to their needs may have different sense towards quality of life. At the same time, when rich people are not satisfied with their life, the poor people who are passing through hardship of life may be living...

Any five elements of quality of life are explained below:

- Nutritious food:
An important element of quality of life is nutritious food which helps in physical, mental and intellectual development of people. For proper growth, function and protection of the body, every member of the family have to get balanced and nutritious diet.

- Family size:
The number of family member affect the attainment of quality of life. The larger family need more source for the fulfillment of their needs but the...

"Illiteracy is the main cause of low quality of life." Due to the illiteracy of people in the society, they are unknown about the need and importance of nutritious food in their life. The lack of knowledge about contraceptive and its importance lead to larger family size that brings difficulties in the fulfillment of needs of family members. In the other hand, there is no source of income. So, the maintenance of good health services, quality education, sanitation, etc. is almost impossible in...

Gender equality means the equal enjoyment of rights, opportunities, life chances, etc. by both male and female.
Women empowerment is the process to make women educated, skillful, confident and competent in ever sector. Family cannot meet its standard of quality of life if women are not educated and skillful. Gender discrimination cannot give satisfaction and comfort to all individuals especially females. So, all women should be empowered, so that they can be equally active, skillful and work...

The basic needs oriented approach is one of the major approaches in the measurement of quality of life, especially for the developing countries. This approach attempts to define the minimum resources necessary for the long term physical well beings in terms of consumption of goods. According to this approach, the minimum basic needs of an individual must be fulfilled for the measurement of quality of life. Hence, basic needs approach is one of the important basis for the measurement of...

The marriage at appropriate age let the couples marry at the age they are able to bear the responsibilities of the parents. They will have good income generating skills. The proper age at marriage ensures good health of couples and their children. The proper birth spacing helps to maintain proper family size and health. This creates easiness for fulfilling other needs of the family too for attaining quality of life. Therefore, there is an important role of marriage at appropriate age and...

Poor health and sanitation in the society results the prevalence of communicable diseases. Furthermore, due to the wrong diet and lack of regular health checkup, large number of infants, mothers, children, etc. are getting different diseases that hampers the degree of quality of life. Hence, if we follow proper sanitation, our surroundings remains clean and healthy. As a result family can be healthy, prosperous and productive which help the family to uplift the standard of quality of life.

a.    Quality of life and low quality of life.

Quality of life	Low quality of life
It is the degree of satisfaction through the fulfillment of different needs.	It is the degree of no satisfaction due to the absence of fulfillment of different needs.
It is the quality of happy, prosperous and productive life.	It is the quality of unhappy, unhealthy and unproductive life.

b.    PQLI and HDI.

PQLI	HDI
It is the noneconomic measurement index of quality of life.	It is the economic...

Happy life indicator are those elements that ensures that an individual has lived happy, prosperous and productive life through the attainment of quality of life.
The different indicators are:
        - Small family size.
        - Quality education.
        - Birth spacing, etc.
The different indicator of quality of life are:

- Basic need oriented approach:
This approach was introduced by the ILO in 1970 AD. It was introduced replacing the...

HDI is the Index to measure the level of quality of life through the computing of Health Index, Education Index and Income Index. HDI ensures the level of attainment of quality of life.
Among the developed countries of the world, Norway stood superior at 1st rank achieving 0.944 HDI. It falls in the category of high human development countries, and is followed by Australia, Switzerland, Denmark respectively. Serbia, Afghanistan are some countries with low HDI.
Srilanka is the superior amongst...

Nepal falls under the category of low Human development with the HDI score of 0.548 according to the HDI report 2004 - 2013 AD. The HDI score of Nepal in 2006 AD was 0.527 but decreases to 0.463 in the year 2012 AD. The condition is improved in 2014 AD with the HDI score of 0.548. The scores of HDI by Nepal in different year shows the development and improvement of human life. The quality of life of Nepalese society was low in the year 2011/12 AD but is gradually improving in the current...