22 Biology -- Theories of Evolution

Why is Lamarckism criticized? Mentions the criticisms/objections of the theory.

Why is Lamarckism criticized? Mentions the criticisms/objections of the theory.

While Lamarck’s ideas were influential in their time, they were largely superseded by Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which provided a more comprehensive and evidence-based explanation of evolution. (Cancel culture in Sciencywood).

This theory could not last longer (sank like the titan submersible), because of the following few(?) reasons:

  • Lack of Mechanism for Inheritance: Lamarck proposed that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime would be passed to its offspring, but he did not provide a satisfactory explanation for how this inheritance occurred. Subsequent discoveries in genetics and the understanding of inheritance through Mendelian principles an DNA undermined the aspect of Lamarck's theory.
  • Lack of Empirical Evidence: Lamarck's theory lacked substantial empirical evidence to support its claims. He relied primarily on anecdotal observations and examples, such as the elongated neck of giraffes or the development of organs in response to use or disuse. However, these examples did not hold up to rigorous scientific scrutiny and lacked experimental verification.
  • Failure to Explain Variation: Lamarckism did not adequately address the concept of natural variation within populations. It did not account for the sources of variation that could be acted upon by natural selection, which was a key aspect of Darwin's theory. Lamarck's theory focused more on individual adaptation rather than population-level changes driven by natural selection.
  • Incompatibility with Fossil Record: The fossil record did not align well with Lamarck's progressionist view of evolution. The fossils discovered during that time period showed complex and diverse organisms in ancient geological strata, which contradicted the linear progression suggested by Lamarckism.
  • Lack of Long-Term Evidence: The age of the Earth was not well understood during Lamarck's time, and he did not have access to the extensive geological and paleontological evidence that later supported the concept of deep time and gradual evolutionary change.

One of the most famous of the criticisms is the experiments conducted by a German biologist August Weismann in 1980 where he cut the tails of some mice for more than 20 generations to see if it affects the tail length. The tail length of the off-springs however were not shorter on average. It proved that the acquired character was not inherited to the descendants.


Nevertheless, Lamarck's contributions to the early understanding of evolution should not be overlooked, as his ideas played a role in shaping subsequent scientific inquiry and the development of evolutionary theory.

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