Water is a vital substance for life on Earth, and it plays numerous important biological roles in living organisms. Some of the key biological roles of water are:

1. Universal solvent: Water is an excellent solvent for many substances, both organic and inorganic. This means that it can dissolve and transport a wide range of nutrients and minerals necessary for the growth and survival of living organisms.

2. Medium for metabolic reactions: Many metabolic reactions in living organisms require water...

Folic acid is a B-vitamin that is essential for the proper development of the neural tube in a developing fetus. The neural tube is the embryonic structure that eventually forms the brain and spinal cord, and if it does not develop properly, it can result in birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly.

During the initial stages of pregnancy, it is especially important for women to consume adequate amounts of folic acid, ideally before conception and throughout the first trimester. The...

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that cannot be produced by the human body, which means it must be obtained from dietary sources. Vitamin C is essential for a wide range of biological functions, including collagen synthesis, wound healing, iron absorption, and immune system function.

Although most animals can synthesize their own vitamin C, humans and other primates lack the necessary enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase, which is required for the synthesis of...

The RNA/DNA ratio is an important parameter that reflects the rate of protein synthesis in the cell and is therefore closely related to the cell cycle. The ratio of RNA to DNA in a cell can provide insights into the cell's metabolic state, growth rate, and overall health.

During the cell cycle, the RNA/DNA ratio is highest during the S-phase, which is the phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated. This increase in the RNA/DNA ratio during the S-phase is due to the fact that RNA synthesis...

Dextrorotatory and dextrorotation are terms used in chemistry to describe the direction in which a substance rotates plane-polarized light. When a substance is said to be dextrorotatory, it means that it rotates plane-polarized light to the right or clockwise direction, whereas when it is levorotatory, it rotates plane-polarized light to the left or counterclockwise direction.

The terms "dextrorotatory" and "levorotatory" come from the Latin words "dexter" meaning "right" and "lævus" meaning...