LOKESH DAS

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H2O has higher boiling point than HF, though HF is more polar than H2O. Explain.

Water has a higher boiling point than HF, even though HF is more polar thanH₂O. This is because in HF, each molecule can be hydrogen bonded to two othsrs wherease in water, each molecule can be hydrogen bonded to four others. Therefore, even though HF forms some what stronger bond than water. The total strength of two hudrogen bonds to a water molecule exceeds the total strength of two hydrogen bondsin an HF molecule.

Define homologous series. Write the characteristics of homologues series.

A homologous series is a systematic family or class of structurally similar organic compound, containing the same functional groups in which two adjacent member differ from each other by CH2 units or 14 amu masses.

The characteristics of homologous series are as follow:

1. All the members of a homologous series contain the same functional group.

2. The various members of a series can be assigned by a common formula, which is also known as general formula.

3. The physical properties such as...

Name Five Functional groups that contain oxygen atoms.

The functional groups that contains oxygen atoms are:
i. Ether (-O-)
ii. Alcohol (-OH)
iii. Aldehyde (-CHO)
iv. Ketone (-CO)
v. Carboxylic acid (-COOH)

What is alkyl group? Write the differences between alkyl group and alkane .

The monovalent hydrocarbon unit derived from an alkane by removal of hydrogen atom is called as alkyl group.

The difference between alkyl and alkane are given below:

Alkyl Group	Alkane
A radical formed after losing one hydrogen from alkane is called alky group.	The hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are connected by a single covalent bond is called alkane.
It's general formula is C_nH_2n+1.	It's general formula is C_nH_2n+2.
It can be represented by R-- . For example: methyl, ethyl,...

What is functional group? Give some examples.

A functional group is an atom or group of atom linked with carbon that determines characteristic, properties of the organic compound. For example: --OH(Alcohol), --O--(Ether). --CHO(Aldehyde), --COOH (carboxylic acid) etc.

Why is lassaigne's extract alkaline in nature?

If sodium metal is not completely fused it reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide. Therefore the sodium extract is usually alkaline in nature. On the other hand, it becomes alkaline due to hydrolysis of NaCN, Na₂S etc. except of sodium.

What is the composition of Lassaigne's extract if the organic compound contain Nitrogen? How presence of Nitrogen detected?

If the organic compound contains nitrogen as foreign element the sodium extract must have the following composition:

Na + C + N-------------------------> NaCN
(sodium cyanide)

Detection of Nitrogen by Lassaigne's extract:
After the preparation of the lassaigne's solution is made alkaline by adding few drops of dilute of sodium hydroxide solution if the lassaigne's solution is not alkaline. A small amount of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution is added which yields...