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21 Chemistry -- Non-Metals: Nitrogen

Describe Haber's process for the manufacture of ammonia. Why is NH3 not dried over conc.H2SO4 and anhydrous CaCl2? What is the action when ammonia is passed to mercurousnitrate paper and FeSO4 solution?

Describe Haber's process for the manufacture of ammonia. Why is NH3 not dried over conc.

H2SO4 and anhydrous CaCl2? What is the action when ammonia is passed to mercurous

nitrate paper and FeSO4 solution?

1 Answers

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Conc. H2SO4 and anhydrous CaCl2 are not used to dry ammonia because they form chemical compounds with it. 

- conc. H2SO4  and NH3 form (NH₄)₂ SO₄  

- While anhydrous  CaCl2 absorbs water, it undergoes hydrolysis to give hydrochloric acid.

Since ammonia is basic, it is neutralised by HCl to give salt,  NH3 + HCl→ NH4Cl.


Ammonia passed through the paper turns mercurous nitrate paper into black. It is due to the formation of mercuric amidonitrate and mercury. 



Again, 

when ammonia is passed through FeSO4 solution,  a dirty green precipitate of Fe(OH)2 is formed. 



More questions on Non-Metals: Nitrogen

Describe the principle involved in the manufacture of ammonia by Haber's process. Whathappens when ammonia gas is passed through heated CuO?

Haber Process is used to obtain ammonia by reacting nitrogen from the air with hydrogen (derived mainly from methane).

Principle:

Hydrogen doesn’t react with Nitrogen at ordinary temperature . But when the mixture of pure Nitrogen and Hydrogen in ratio 1:3 by volume is heat at 450C under a pressure 200-900 atm in presence of Fe and Mo as catalyst Ammonia gas is obtained.

N2+ 3H2———–> 2NH3+ 22.4Kcal



Explain why ammonia gas cannot be dried by passing through conc. H2SO4 acid.

Despite H2SO4 being a very good moisture absorbing compound, it cannot be used to dehydrate ammonia gas because ammonia gas reacts with Sulphuric Acid when passed over it.

The reaction is as follows:

2NH3 + H2SO4----> (NH4)2SO4

(Ammonium Sulphate)

In the ring test of nitrate what chemical compound is formed?

In the ring test of nitrate ion, Nitrosylferrous Sulphate (FeSO4.NO) - an unstable complex salt is formed. Due to the formation of this compound, a brown coloured ring is seen in the undisturbed test tube.

What happens when freshly prepared ferrous sulphate is added to the mixture of conc. nitricacid and conc. sulphuric acid?

When FeSO4 is added to the mixture of HNO3 and conc. H2SO4, it give brown ring ofNitrosylferrous Sulphate (FeSO4.NO) which forms on the point of contact of the two reagents.

It is used to give the test of nitric acid known as brown ring test.


What happens when the precipitate obtained by the addition of AgNO3 solution on sodiumchloride is treated with ammonia solution?

When the White ppt. obtained by treating NaCl solution with Ag NO3 solution is again treated with ammonia solution, it forms a water soluble salt, that will make the solution clear.

NaCl (aqueous) Na++ Cl -


Write physical and chemical principles of Ammonia. Why NH3 can't be dried by passing overconc. H2SO4?

Ammonia cannot be dried by passing over conc.H2SO4 becauseammonia gas reacts chemically with conc.H2SO4to form(NH) SO ammonium sulphate.


Conc.H2SO4is a very good oxidizing agent.

Write down the manufacture of HNO3 by catalytic oxidation of ammonia.




Write the action of aquaregia on gold.

Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), in a molar ratio of 1:3.

Aqua regia is capable of dissolving gold.

why is Conc. HNO3 kept in brown bottle.

What is aqua regia? Why does gold dissolve in it?

Why is nitric acid called an oxidizing acid?

how would you convert ammonia into nitric acid?

Write the name of any two metals that can liberate H2 gas from nitric acid.

how would you show that nitric acid contains oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen?

explain the manufacture of nitric acid by ostwald's process

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