Haber Process is used to obtain ammonia by reacting nitrogen from the air with hydrogen (derived mainly from methane).

Hydrogen doesn’t react with Nitrogen at ordinary temperature . But when the mixture of pure Nitrogen and Hydrogen in ratio 1:3 by volume is heat at 450C under a pressure 200-900 atm in presence of Fe and Mo as catalyst Ammonia gas is obtained.

N2+ 3H2———–> 2NH3+ 22.4Kcal

Despite H₂SO₄ being a very good moisture absorbing compound, it cannot be used to dehydrate ammonia gas because ammonia gas reacts with Sulphuric Acid when passed over it.

The reaction is as follows:

2NH₃ + H₂SO₄----> (NH₄)₂SO₄

(Ammonium Sulphate)

In the ring test of nitrate ion, Nitrosylferrous Sulphate (FeSO₄.NO) - an unstable complex salt is formed. Due to the formation of this compound, a brown coloured ring is seen in the undisturbed test tube.

When the White ppt. obtained by treating NaCl solution with Ag NO3 solution is again treated with ammonia solution, it forms a water soluble salt, that will make the solution clear.

NaCl (aqueous) Na⁺+ Cl ^-

Conc.H2SO4and anhydrousCaCl₂are not used to dry ammonia because they form chemical compounds with it.

- conc.H2SO4 and NH3 form(NH) SO

- While anhydrous CaCl₂absorbs water, it undergoes hydrolysis to give hydrochloric acid.

Since ammonia is basic, it is neutralised by HCl to give salt,NH3 + HCl NH4Cl.

Ammonia passed through the paperturns mercurous nitrate paper into black. It is due to the formation of mercuric amidonitrate and mercury.

Again,

when ammonia is passed through FeSO4 solution,a dirty...

Ammonia cannot be dried by passing over conc.H2SO4 becauseammonia gas reacts chemically with conc.H2SO4to form(NH) SO ammonium sulphate.

Conc.H2SO4is a very good oxidizing agent.

Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric acid (HNO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), in a molar ratio of 1:3.

Aqua regia is capable of dissolving gold.