Allotropy is the property of an element to exist in different physical forms and exhibit different physical properties but have sam chemical properties. Example, Diamond and Graphite are allotropes of carbon (6).

Allotropes are the different physical forms of an element with similar chemical composition and properties.

Primarily any change in any element/molecule is for stability. sometime the stability of an element is triggered by external factors like light, temperature and also their varying intramolecular forces which leads to the formation of allotropes.

The two allotropic forms of Oxygen is its diatomic and triatomic form.

0₃ and 0_2. the

primary difference between them is their variance in mass, mass of 0₂ = 16 x 2 and that of 0₃ is 16x 3,

apart from that, 0₃ is poisonous and is present in the upper atmosphere but o2 is inhaled for respiration.

Reactivity of a molecule is inversely influenced by stability. and diatomic oxygen is more stable than triatomic oxygen ( ozone).

Ozone is easily disassociated into nascent oxygen ( free radical ) and diatomic oxygen for stability but the free radical yielded is highly reactive. So, ozone is highly reactive than diatomic Oxygen.

Oxide is the molecule including at least one or more oxygen atom/s with another element.

basically oxides are classified on the basis of their acidic/basic/neutral character.

major classification includes,

a. Acidic oxide:

Generally non metallic oxides are acidic in nature because the bond in them is covalent because of which they have low bp and mp. they form acids when combined with water.

eg, CO₂, SO₃

rxn: CO₂ + H₂O ------------> H₂CO₃ ( carbonic acid)

b. Basic oxides:

These are generally...

a. Acidic oxide:

Generally non metallic oxides are acidic in nature because the bond in them is covalent because of which they have low bp and mp. they form acids when combined with water.

eg, CO2, SO3

rxn: CO2+ H2O ------------> H2CO3( carbonic acid)

b. Basic oxides:

These are generally metallic oxides held by ionic bond with high BP and MP. These yield base when treated with water.

eg, Na2O , K2O

rxn: Na2O + H2O ----------> 2NaOH ( sodium hydroxide)

c. Neutral oxide:

Neither acidic nor basic...

It is generally used as bleaching and oxidizing agent. Apart from that it is also used as antiseptic.

typically group 16 elements are called chalcogens. In greek Chalcogen means copper, and almost all ores of copper are either in the form of oxides or sulphides which are the elements of group 16. so they are called chalcogens.