3 Biology -- Human Biology: Reproductive System

Explain the process of follicular growth and development inside ovary of human female by diagram?

1 Answers

Follicular growth and development inside the ovary of a human female is a complex process that involves the maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs (oocytes). Here's a step-by-step explanation of the process:

1. Primordial Follicles: A female is born with millions of primordial follicles in her ovaries. Each primordial follicle consists of an immature egg surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells.

2. Follicular Activation: Throughout a woman's life, a small number of primordial follicles are activated each month in response to hormonal signals. This activation initiates the growth and development of a selected group of follicles.

3. Follicular Development: The activated follicles undergo a series of stages of development, known as folliculogenesis. The process is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) released from the pituitary gland. FSH promotes the growth and development of the follicles.

4. Primary Follicle: Primordial follicles transform into primary follicles. The follicular cells surrounding the egg multiply and form multiple layers. The follicle begins to secrete a fluid-filled sac called the antrum, which surrounds the egg.

5. Secondary Follicle: The primary follicle further develops into a secondary follicle. The antrum expands, and the follicle continues to grow. The granulosa cells, which surround the egg, become more numerous and start producing estrogen.

6. Tertiary (Graafian) Follicle: Among the secondary follicles, one dominant follicle becomes the tertiary follicle or Graafian follicle. It continues to grow and becomes the largest follicle in the ovary. The egg within the follicle undergoes its final maturation process.

7. Ovulation: Ovulation is the release of the mature egg from the ovary. It is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. The mature follicle ruptures, and the egg is released into the fallopian tube.

8. Corpus Luteum Formation: After ovulation, the remaining cells of the ruptured follicle transform into a structure called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which prepares the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

9. Corpus Luteum Regression: If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses, and its hormone production declines. This leads to a drop in progesterone levels, resulting in the shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation.

This process of follicular growth and development repeats cyclically throughout a woman's reproductive years until menopause, when follicular development ceases and the ovaries no longer release eggs.

What is menstruation? Describe menstrual cycle in human female in detail.

Describe male reproductive system in human with labelled diagrams.

Describe the female reproductive system in human with labelled diagrams.

Give the process of oogenesis in brief.

Describe ovarian cycle in brief.

What is a spermatozoon ? Describe it's structure.

Describe the process of spermatogenesis in brief.

Describe the structure of ovary with a diagram.

Describe male reproductive system in human with labeled diagram.

The male reproductive system is responsible for the production and delivery of sperm. It consists of several organs, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis.

1. Testes: The testes are two oval-shaped glands located in the scrotum (a sac-like structure outside the body). They are the primary male reproductive organs and produce sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis. Testes also produce testosterone, the primary male sex hormone....

Describe female reproductive system in human with labeled diagram.

1. Ovaries: These are two small, oval-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus in the lower abdomen. They are responsible for producing and releasing eggs (ova) through a process called ovulation. The ovaries also produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

2. Fallopian Tubes: Also known as uterine tubes, these are two slender tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus. They serve as a pathway for the eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization...

1. List hormones required for proper functioning of male and female reproductive system.

The hormones required for proper functioning of male and female reproductive system are:

1. FSH ( Follicle Stimulating Hormone )

Male - Stimulates Sertoli cells that helps in spermatogenesis.

Female - Stimulates primordial follicle into Graafian follicle.

2. LH ( Luteinizing Hormone)

Male - Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Female- Helps in ovulation.

2. Draw a well labelled diagram of seminiferous tubules.

Seminiferous tubules are coiled structures where spermatogenesis occurs. These tubules house Sertoli cells supporting germ cell development and Leydig cells producing testosterone. Sperm cells mature within the seminiferous epithelium and move toward the central lumen. Hormones like FSH and testosterone regulate spermatogenesis. Fully matured sperm are released into the rete testis and progress through the male reproductive system for eventual ejaculation. These tubules generate sperm and...

3. Difference between corpus luteum and graffian follicle.

Corpus Luteum	Graffian Follicle
1. Produced when graffian follicle undergoes ovulation.	1. Produced when primordial follicle gets fully matured.
2. Doesn't contain ovum inside it.	2. Contains ovum inside it.
3. Secretes progesterone.	3. Secretes oestrogen.

4. Describe accessory reproductive organs of female.

The accessory reproductive organs of female are :

1. Bartholin's gland

- They are also called great vestibular glands. If these glands become blocked or infected, they can cause pain and swelling. Treatment includes warm compresses, antibiotics, or drainage if necessary.

2. Breasts

- The breasts are the largest accessory reproductive organs in female. Each breast contains of 15-20 lobes of lactiferous tubules which are embedded into fatty tissues. The first milk after parturition is colostrum.

5. Describe accessory reproductive organs of male.

The accessory reproductive organs of male are:

1. Seminal Vesicles

- These are 2 lobulated sacs. It is located between bladder and the rectum. They secrete thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into ejaculatory ducts.

2. Prostate gland

- It is the largest accessory gland of male reproductive organ. It lies below the neck of urinary bladder. Its secretion mixes with secretion of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral gland to form seminal fluid.

3. Bulbourethral gland

- They are also...

6. Describe about fertilization and implantation.

Fertilization happens when a sperm cell combines with an egg cell, resulting in a zygote containing a full set of genetic material. This typically occurs in the fallopian tube post-ovulation. The zygote then goes through rapid cell divisions to become a blastocyst. Implantation, occurring roughly 6-10 days after fertilization, involves the blastocyst adhering to the uterine lining. This process allows for nutrient exchange between the mother and the growing embryo. Hormonal shifts support the...

7. Explain safe period .

The term "safe period" pertains to a particular stage within a woman's menstrual cycle, during which the chances of becoming pregnant are considered to be reduced. Generally, it entails refraining from sexual intercourse around the period of ovulation, which is when the egg is released from the ovary and can potentially be fertilized by sperm. This phase usually occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the safe period technique is not guaranteed due...

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