3 Biology -- Human Biology: Reproductive System

Describe female reproductive system in human with labeled diagram.

1 Answers

1. Ovaries: These are two small, oval-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus in the lower abdomen. They are responsible for producing and releasing eggs (ova) through a process called ovulation. The ovaries also produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

2. Fallopian Tubes: Also known as uterine tubes, these are two slender tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus. They serve as a pathway for the eggs to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilization of the egg by sperm usually occurs in the fallopian tubes.

3. Uterus: The uterus, also called the womb, is a hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus during pregnancy. It consists of three main parts: the fundus (upper part), the body (middle part), and the cervix (lower part). The lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, thickens and sheds during the menstrual cycle.

4. Cervix: The cervix is the narrow lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It produces mucus that changes consistency during the menstrual cycle to facilitate or prevent sperm passage into the uterus. The cervix also plays a crucial role during childbirth by dilating and allowing the baby to pass through.

5. Vagina: The vagina is a muscular canal that connects the cervix to the external genitalia. It serves multiple functions, including as the birth canal during delivery, the pathway for menstrual blood to leave the body, and the site of sexual intercourse.

6. External Genitalia:

a. Mons Pubis: This is the rounded area of fatty tissue located above the pubic bone. It becomes covered with pubic hair during puberty.

b. Labia Majora and Labia Minora: The labia majora are the larger, outer folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening, while the labia minora are the smaller, inner folds of skin. They protect the vaginal opening and clitoris.

c. Clitoris: The clitoris is a small, sensitive organ located at the top of the vaginal opening. It contains numerous nerve endings and plays a significant role in sexual arousal.

d. Bartholin's Glands: These are two small glands located on either side of the vaginal opening. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina during sexual arousal.

e. Perineum: The perineum is the area of skin between the vaginal opening and the anus.

Explain the process of follicular growth and development inside ovary of human female by diagram?

Follicular growth and development inside the ovary of a human female is a complex process that involves the maturation of ovarian follicles, which contain the eggs (oocytes). Here's a step-by-step explanation of the process:

1. Primordial Follicles: A female is born with millions of primordial follicles in her ovaries. Each primordial follicle consists of an immature egg surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells.

2. Follicular Activation: Throughout a woman's life, a small number of...

What is menstruation? Describe menstrual cycle in human female in detail.

Describe male reproductive system in human with labelled diagrams.

Describe the female reproductive system in human with labelled diagrams.

Give the process of oogenesis in brief.

Describe ovarian cycle in brief.

What is a spermatozoon ? Describe it's structure.

Describe the process of spermatogenesis in brief.

Describe the structure of ovary with a diagram.

Describe male reproductive system in human with labeled diagram.

The male reproductive system is responsible for the production and delivery of sperm. It consists of several organs, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis.

1. Testes: The testes are two oval-shaped glands located in the scrotum (a sac-like structure outside the body). They are the primary male reproductive organs and produce sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis. Testes also produce testosterone, the primary male sex hormone....

1. List hormones required for proper functioning of male and female reproductive system.

The hormones required for proper functioning of male and female reproductive system are:

1. FSH ( Follicle Stimulating Hormone )

Male - Stimulates Sertoli cells that helps in spermatogenesis.

Female - Stimulates primordial follicle into Graafian follicle.

2. LH ( Luteinizing Hormone)

Male - Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Female- Helps in ovulation.

2. Draw a well labelled diagram of seminiferous tubules.

Seminiferous tubules are coiled structures where spermatogenesis occurs. These tubules house Sertoli cells supporting germ cell development and Leydig cells producing testosterone. Sperm cells mature within the seminiferous epithelium and move toward the central lumen. Hormones like FSH and testosterone regulate spermatogenesis. Fully matured sperm are released into the rete testis and progress through the male reproductive system for eventual ejaculation. These tubules generate sperm and...

3. Difference between corpus luteum and graffian follicle.

Corpus Luteum	Graffian Follicle
1. Produced when graffian follicle undergoes ovulation.	1. Produced when primordial follicle gets fully matured.
2. Doesn't contain ovum inside it.	2. Contains ovum inside it.
3. Secretes progesterone.	3. Secretes oestrogen.

4. Describe accessory reproductive organs of female.

The accessory reproductive organs of female are :

1. Bartholin's gland

- They are also called great vestibular glands. If these glands become blocked or infected, they can cause pain and swelling. Treatment includes warm compresses, antibiotics, or drainage if necessary.

2. Breasts

- The breasts are the largest accessory reproductive organs in female. Each breast contains of 15-20 lobes of lactiferous tubules which are embedded into fatty tissues. The first milk after parturition is colostrum.

5. Describe accessory reproductive organs of male.

The accessory reproductive organs of male are:

1. Seminal Vesicles

- These are 2 lobulated sacs. It is located between bladder and the rectum. They secrete thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into ejaculatory ducts.

2. Prostate gland

- It is the largest accessory gland of male reproductive organ. It lies below the neck of urinary bladder. Its secretion mixes with secretion of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral gland to form seminal fluid.

3. Bulbourethral gland

- They are also...

6. Describe about fertilization and implantation.

Fertilization happens when a sperm cell combines with an egg cell, resulting in a zygote containing a full set of genetic material. This typically occurs in the fallopian tube post-ovulation. The zygote then goes through rapid cell divisions to become a blastocyst. Implantation, occurring roughly 6-10 days after fertilization, involves the blastocyst adhering to the uterine lining. This process allows for nutrient exchange between the mother and the growing embryo. Hormonal shifts support the...

7. Explain safe period .

The term "safe period" pertains to a particular stage within a woman's menstrual cycle, during which the chances of becoming pregnant are considered to be reduced. Generally, it entails refraining from sexual intercourse around the period of ovulation, which is when the egg is released from the ovary and can potentially be fertilized by sperm. This phase usually occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the safe period technique is not guaranteed due...

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