21 Chemistry -- Chemical Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

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Chemical Bonding and Shape of Molecules

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Electronic Theory of Valency and Bonding

INTRODUCTIONElectronic theory of valency was given by Gilbert N. Lewis and Walther Kossel. This theory of valency explains the main cause of chemical combination and combining capacity of different...

Collision Theory: For a Layman

Before understanding about collision theory, we need to learn as to how chemical reactions take place. We know that for a chemical change to occur, the breaking of pre-existing bonds and the format...

Definition and Characteristics of Hybridization

Definition.Hybridization simply is the intermixing of atomic orbitals.In other words, the process of mixing of orbitals of an atom of nearly equal energy giving rise to entirely new orbitals equal ...

Electron Theory of Valency

↪ In order to explain combination of atoms, Lewis and Kossel introduced electronic theory of valency from the beginning of 20th century.↪ Kossel mainly stressed to the formation of electrovalent bo...

Types of Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonding↪ Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another. ↪ Here, an atom loses an electron which is in turn gained by ...

Polar Covalent Bonds

↪ This type of covalent bond exists where the unequal sharing of electrons occurs due to the difference in the electronegativity of combining atoms. ↪ More electronegative atom will have a stronger...

Lewis (electron dot) structures

Lewis’s structure of some common molecules are given below:Failure of octet rule ↪ There are several stable molecules in which the octet rule is violated. ↪ In these molecules valence shell contain...

Resonance in Chemical Bonding

↪ There are molecules and ions for which drawing a single Lewis structure is not possible. For example, we can write two structures of O3.↪ In (A) the oxygen-oxygen bond on the left is a double bon...

Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory:

↪ Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a simple theory to predict and explain the shape and bond angles in a number of simple covalent molecules and ions. ↪ This theory was propo...

Distorted Geometry

↪ The presence of one or more lone pairs of electrons in the valence shell of the central atom gives distorted geometry to the molecules or ion. Some examples of such molecules are: Shape of NH3 Mo...

Valance bond theory (VBT)

↪ Valence bond theory (VBT) was proposed by Heitler and London in 1927 and improved by Linus Pauling to explain the nature of bonding in covalent molecules. ↪ This theory is based on wave mechanica...

Concept of Sigma and Pi bond

Sigma Bond (σ) ↪ When the overlap of orbital’s of two atoms takes place along the line joining the two nuclei (orbital axis) then the covalent bond formed is called sigma (σ) bond. ↪ These bonds ca...

Hydrogen Bonding

↪ The attractive force between a hydrogen atom and strong electronegative atom (Such as N, F and O) of same or different molecules is called hydrogen bond. ↪ It is denoted by dotted lines. Types o...

What is Metallic Bonding?

↪ Metals are characterized by bright, luster, high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility and high tensile strength.↪ A metallic crystal consists of a very large number of ato...

Electronic Theory of Valency

Chemical Bonding (Types of bonds)

VSEPR THEORY

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory abbreviated as VSEPR theory (proposed by Sedgwick and Powell 1940 and developed by Gillespie and Nyholm 1957 )is based on the premise that this arra...

Valence Bond Theory(VBT) and its postulates

Heitler and London introduced Valence Bond Theory. This is primarily based on the concepts of atomic orbitals, electronic configuration of elements, overlapping of atomic orbitals and hybridization...