Class Eleven Biology: Biomolecules

11 Chapter Notes
16 Questions
0 MCQs

Samriddhi Sharma • 174 Reads

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the organic compounds i.e. essential biomolecules composed of carbon ,hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen are in the ratio of 2:1 so they are also called "Hydrates of Carbon". They are also called Saccharides (Latin: Saccharon:Sugar)They are represented by the general formula Cn(H2O)n. They are al...

Bishesh Gautam • 409 Reads

Essential and non-essential Amino acids

Amino acids are divided into two types i.e.Essential amino acids: These are the amino acids that human cannot synthesise. plant can synthesise all the amino acid required by them.so human have to take it from plant through diet. these amino acid are called essential amino acid.Non-Essential amino acid: They are the amino acid...

Samriddhi Sharma • 103 Reads

Proteins

Proteins are the most complex chemical compounds formed of C,H,O,N (sometimes S and P)The characteristic element of protein is nitrogen. Proteins are the polymers of amino acids made up of large numbers of amino acids linked together chemically.Amino acids are linked together by the peptide bond. Peptide bond is formed by the...

Samriddhi Sharma • 112 Reads

Types of Protein

Proteins are the most complex chemical compounds formed of C,H, O,N,(sometimes S and P).On the basis of of chemical nature, proteins are divided into three categories:Simple proteinsConjugated proteinsDerived proteinsSimple proteinsFig: HistoneSimple proteins are made up of only amino acids. Non -amino groups are totally abse...

Samriddhi Sharma • 78 Reads

Lipids

Lipids are the the esters of fatty acids and glycerol made of C, H and O. However, the number of of oxygen is less as compared to carbohydrate.They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvent like acetone, ether alcohol etc. They need large amount of oxygen for the the oxidation to release energy. The energy densit...

Samriddhi Sharma • 108 Reads

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the complex long-chained organic compounds larger than most of the proteins and are composed of C, H, O, N and P. They are the macromolecules made up of of nucleotides.So we can define nucleic acids as nitrogenous non- portentous organic compounds which are the polymers of nucleotides joined together by ph...

Bishesh Gautam • 595 Reads

Peptide Bond

A polypeptide is imagined as a line, the right end represented by the last amino acid and the left end represented by the first amino acid. The first amino acid is also called as N-terminal amino acid and last amino acid is called C-terminal amino acid .The different amino acid are attached through -CO-NH bond called peptid...

Samriddhi Sharma • 91 Reads

Nucleic Acid : DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polynucleotide chain composed of deoxyribonucleotides. They are the principal genetic material of living organisms.Deoxyribonucleotides are formed by the combination of Deoxyribose sugar and four nitrogen bases Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) and phosphoric acid. Occurr...

Samriddhi Sharma • 70 Reads

Nucleic Acid :RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer of ribonucleotides composed of ribose sugar and nitrogen bases Adenine (A) Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Uracil (U) which are joined together by a phosphodiester bond.Occurrence: RNA is synthesized in in nucleus but it is found in nucleolus, mitochondria, chloroplast, nissil granules and...

Mohan Budha • 402 Reads

Water and Minerals

Water (H2O): Water is the mother liquor of all forms of life. It is the vital essence, miracle of nature, and the great sustainer of life. The essentiality of water for the living system is quite evident without water, there is no life. In human adult total body water accounts for about 70% of the lean body mass. In-plant it ...

Samriddhi Sharma • 81 Reads

Enzymes

Enzymes are complex macromolecules proteinaceous in composition, colloidal and thermolabile in nature which are used to increase the rate of chemical reaction in living organisms without itself being unchanged. In fact, enzymes are the biocatalysts (catalysts of living organisms).The term enzyme isolated was from is extract...

What does dextrorotatory and dextrorotation mean?
What is the significance of RNA/DNA ratio in cell cycle ?
1. Which of the following vitamins cannot be produced by our body?
(a) vitamin A
(b) vitamin K
(c) vitamin C
(d) All of the above
Ans: (d) All of the above.
2.Which of the following vitamins are called fat-soluble vitamins?
(a) vitamin B
(b) vitamin E
(c) vitamin C
(d) vitamin B2
Ans (b) vitamin E.

Easy trick you can follow is remember the name Kedar
R is not a vitamin and remaining four are fat soluble.
It will be easy to remember.
4.Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for a woman during her initial stages of pregnancy to prevent birth defects?
(a) Thiamin
(b) Folic acid
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin E
Ans:(b) Folic acid
Define cellular pool

The collection of all the biomolecules present inside the cell is called cellular pool.
What are the identifying characteristics of structural polysaccharides?

The identifying characteristics of structural polysaccharides are as follows:
i) They have comparatively higher molecular weight than other carbohydrates
ii) They are non reducing sugar.
iii) They are insoluble in water and don't taste sweet.
Name two of the structural polysaccharides and storage polysaccharides

Structural polysaccharides: cellulose, peptidoglycan
Storage polysaccharides: Starch, glycogen
Why amino acids are amphoteric in nature?

Amino acids are the organic acids having a basic amino (-NH₂) group attached to the chain containing acidic carboxyl
(-COOH) group . Since they have at least one basic amino group and one acidic carboxyl group, they are amphoteric in nature.
What do you mean by active site of an enzyme?

The binding site and the catalytic site of an enzyme are collectively called as active site of an enzyme.
Enzymes as a whole are not involved in catalytic activity, only a small part of it gets actively involved in substrate before going catalysis (binding site) and another small part involved in catalytic process (catalytic site)

Differentiate between micro molecules and macro molecules.

Micromolecules	Macromolecules
They are smaller molecules having lower molecular weight.	They are larger molecules with higher molecular weight.
They are formed by different elements like C,H,O,N etc.	They are formed by polymerization of large number of micromolecules
For eg: monosaccharide, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides etc.	For eg: polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids etc.

Differentiate between DNA and RNA

DNA	RNA
it is a double-stranded structure	it is a single-stranded structure
it is the hereditary material	it is nonhereditary material except for some viruses.
it replicates to form a new DNA molecule	it cannot replicate itself

Give two examples of polysaccharides

two examples of polysaccharides are starch and cellulose.
What are the biological roles of water?
They are:
1. Water is the universal solvent. It acts as a solvent for many inorganic and organic compounds
2. Water serves as a good dispersion medium for the colloids of the cells.
3. Water has low density and viscosity which permits rapid diffusion of molecules in the cytoplasm.
4. Water is a raw material for photosynthesis
5. Water is necessary for the germination of seeds and spores.
6. Water helps in maintaining the constant pH in cells.
What are the importance of DNA?
They are:
- It is the principal genetic material that carries genetic information from generation to generation.
- It controls all the biological activities of a cell. For example. protein synthesis.
- It can replicate and form its own carbon copies.
- It can synthesize RNA by the process of transcription.
- The mutation is caused by changes in the sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA.
yo formation of lipid ma lipid kaha form vayo?? RCOOH ta xaina. How is lipid formed??

There are no MCQs in Mattrab Library for this chapter yet.