Any vector directed in two dimensions can be thought of as having two different components. The component of a single vector describes the influence of that vector in a given direction.
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The two vectors (say A and B) of different magnitudes cannot be combined to give zero resultant since minimum value of combination is ІA-BІ which is not zero if AB.
The three vectors A, B and C of different magnitudes can be zero such that they form a closed triangle, then,
A+B+C=0
or, C=-(A+B)
Hence, the sum of three vectors may be zero if vector sum of any two vectors is equal and opposite to the third vector.
Note: The vectors can give this result only if...
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Sigma bond is stronger than Pi bond because of the following reasons:
- The extent of overlapping in Sigma bond is greater than in Pi bond.
- The electron density in intermolecular axis is more in Sigma bond than in Pi bond.
- There is free rotation of atom about Sigma bond but not about Pi bond.
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Materials show varying behaviors based on their Poisson's ratio. High Poisson's ratio materials (near 0.5) contract significantly sideways when stretched and expand when compressed, seen in substances like rubber. Low Poisson's ratio materials (near 0) undergo minimal width change during axial deformation, typical of metals and common engineering materials.