The five economic importance of gymnosperms are as follows:

1. Deodar is obtained from Cedrus deodara.

2. Cedar oil is obtained from juniperus virgiana.

3. Turpentine oil is obtained from the resin of pinus species.

4. Sago, a carbohydrate is produced from Cycas which has food value.

5. Many plants are used as ornamental plants eg. Ginkgo, Pinus, and Cycas.

The native species of Pinus found in Nepal are Pinus wallichiana and Pinus roxburghii.

In gymnosperms, if the sporophyll bears megasporangia, they are called megasporophylls. Megasporophyll leads to the development of female gametophytes of seed.

If the sporophyll bears microsporangia, then it is called microsporophyll. Microsporophyll leads to development of male gametophytes.

The botanical name of pine is Pinus.

Pinus are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees growing three to eighty meters tall. It comprises about 90 species that are worldwide in distribution.

Pinus is found in arid places, slope of hills. Pinus is xerophytic plant. In Nepal, two species of Pinus are found.

1. Pinus roxburghii

They are found on the outer ranges and main valleys of the Himalayas. They are most abundant in south facing sunny slope hills of central and eastern Nepal. They are abundant in altitude between 1200m to 2100m...