Niharika Rana

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What is meant by aqueous tension? How does temperature affect aqueous tension?

What are the important applications of Graham's law of diffusion.

Application of Graham's Law of Diffusion/Effusion are mentioned below:

1. Graham's law helps to separate the gases having different densities.

2. It helps to determine the molar mass and density of an unknown gas by comparing their rates of diffusion with the known gas.

3. It helps in separating the isotopes of the same element.

Show the differences between real gas and ideal gas.

The major difference is in the existence of these two gases. Real gases exist in real but Ideal gases are completely an idealistic concept.

Following are some other differences between real gas and ideal gas:

Real Gas	Ideal Gas
These gases obey the gas laws only under conditions of Low Pressure and High Temperature.	These gases obey the gas laws under all conditions of temperature and pressure.

There exists intermolecular forces of attraction between gas molecules.	There exists no...

Explain Boyle's law and Charles' law.

Boyle's Law: Boyle's law states that the volume of a given mass of a gas at constant temperature of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas.
If V be the volume and P be the pressure of the given mass of a gas at constant temperature T. Then,
From Boyle's law :

V x...

Write short notes on:a. Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity b. Pauli’s exclusion principle

a. Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity

Hund proposed a rule of filling of de-generate orbitals (having equivalent energy) with electrons known as Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.

It states:
In the orbitals of same sub-energy level (sub-orbitals), electrons are filled single first (in the same spin) before filling up fully in pair.
The electrons prefer to occupy separate orbitals rather than getting paired in the same orbital.

b. Pauli's Exclusion principle:

Pauli...

What are main postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory?

The are main postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory are:

1. All matters are composed of extremely small, and discrete particles called atoms.

2. Atom is indestructible/ indivisible and do not undergo any division during a chemical reaction.
(principle of indestructability of matter)

3. Atoms of same elements are always identical in shape, size and mass and differ from atoms of other elements in the same.

4. Atoms always combine in simple whole number ratio to form a molecule...

What observations did Rutherford led to conclude that the nucleus of atom is very small with heavy mass?

During the α-scattering experiment conducted by Rutherford, only very few, almost 1 in 20,000-100,000 particles bounced back.

Hence, we can conclude from this that, the atom has positively charged particles that deflected the +ve α-particles, but that positive charge is concentrated in a very very small area compared to the atom itself, such that, it completely deflects the very few particles.