Answer: Molecules on the surface of a liquid are in tension due to their downward pulling towards the liquid by means of inter molecular force of attraction. So, the surface of the liquid tends to contract to the smallest possible area for a given volume of the liquid.

Assuming that the student wants to perform experiments using gas laws, we can suggest the student to perform the following tasks:

1. Maintain High Temperature: At this temperature, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules becomes really high which becomes dominant over the existing potential energy of the gas molecules. This approaches the no intermolecular force of attraction between molecules postulate of kinetic theory of gases.
2. Maintain Low Pressure: With this, the gas molecules are free to...

Boyle's Law:Boyle's law states that the volume of a given mass of a gas at constant temperature of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas.
If V be the volume and P be the pressure of the given mass of a gas at constant temperature T. Then,
From Boyle's law :

V x P = constant

Charles's Law: Charles's law state that the volume of a given mass of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of...

The major difference is in the existence of these two gases. Real gases exist in real but Ideal gases are completely an idealistic concept.

Following are some other differences between real gas and ideal gas:

Application of Graham's Law of Diffusion/Effusion are mentioned below:

1. Graham's law helps to separate the gases having different densities.

2. It helps to determine the molar mass and density of an unknown gas by comparing their rates of diffusion with the known gas.

3. It helps in separating the isotopes of the same element.

Following are the major/main postulates of kinetic theory of gases:

• Molecules: A gas is composed of tiny particles called molecules whose volume, as compared with that of gas, is negligible.
• Random Motion: The molecules of a gas are in a state of constant random motion.
• Elastic Collision: Collision between gas-molecules or gas molecules and container is perfectly elastic. There is no loss of energy.
• Pressure exerted by Gas: Pressure exerted by gas is due to the bombardment of the walls of...

Glycerine has more inter-molecular hydrogen bonds than water for the same number of molecules of each substances. This causes more inter-molecular attraction between Glycerine molecules than Water molecules. As a result, Glycerine is more viscous than Water.

A plot of variation of solubility of a solute with temperature is known as a solubility curve.

Information given by solubility curves:

i. Solubility of a substance at a desired temperature.

ii. Idea about variation of solubility with temperature.

iii. Comparison of the solubility of different substances at different temperatures.

iv. Prediction of which substance will crystallize out first when a solution of two or more solutes is evaporated or cooled.

The positions of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystal, relative to one another in space, are designated usually by points. Such a representation is called crystal lattice (space lattice)

A unit cell of crystals is the smallest repeating unit in a crystal lattice which when repeated again and again in different directions results in the crystal of the given substance.

Lattice points in a face centered cubic is at the centre of each face of the cube, in addition to the lattice points at the corners wherease lattice point is at the centre of the body in body centered cubic, in addition to the lattice points at the corners of the cube.

a) Efflorescence: The phenomenon in which certain hydrated substances lose their water of crystallization partly or completely when exposed to ordinary atmospheric conditions for sometimes is called as efflorescence.

b) Deliquescence: The phenomenon in which hygroscopic substances absorb moisture from the air to such an extent that they are finally converted into solution form is called deliquescence.

c) Hygroscopic: Those substances which absorb moisture when exposed to ordinary atmospheric...

We here have the graph of the Volume vs Temperature graph as given by charges law for ideal gas. The values are plotted by experiment at nearly ideal conditions. As we go lower in the temperature line by extrapolating the graph, at a temp. of -273.15^oC, the isobars all meet; where the volume should be zero as an ideal gas.

Also, by Charles' law that

we can deduce that the end of the graph (at theoretical 0 volume), the temperature will be-273^oC or 0 K.

Meniscus is a curved surface of a liquid seen in a glass tube (capillary tube), when a glass tube is dipped into a liquid. It is because of the inward pull of surface tension acting on the surface of the liquid.

The meniscus in a mercury formed is concave downward as the cohesive force of mercury is stronger than adhesive force when it is taken in a glass tube. Therefore, mercury has convex meniscus in a glass tube i.e. concave downward.

Since gaseous molecules have a very little force of attraction, are in a rapid motion in all possible directions continuously and gravity has no effect no gaseous state, the gases do not settle on the bottom of the container.

Acetone has more stronger intermolecular attractive force than ether.

During evaporation, molecules with high kinetics energies keep on leaving the liquid phase. This results in a decrease in kinetic energy of the remaining molecules. Therefore, the temperature falls as a average kinetic energy of molecules is directly proportional to temperature. Hence, palm becomes cool when alcohol evaporates.