what does \n and %d mean?
Here, in C programming \n is an escape character that helps to create a new line whereas %d is a format specifier that allows to specify only Integer values.
What are Programming languages? List the types and explain each of them.
A programming language is the language used by programmers to develop software programs, scripts, or other sets of instructions for computers to execute.
A programming language can be divided into 2 types:
A low-level programming language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture—commands or functions in the language map that are structurally similar to processor's instructions.
Low-level language can be divided into two types:
I. Machine language:
The language that is called the language of CPU and is written in binary code (composed of 0 and 1) is called Machine language. In this language, a computer can understand every instructions given only in the form of 0 and 1. All the valid computer operations are performed in terms of binary operation.
II. Assembly language:
The language in which a program is written in shortcodes like ADD, MUL or SUB instead of writing instruction in a binary number (0 and 1) is called Assembly language. An assembler converts the assembly language to the machine language to make it understandable by computer hardware because a computer can understand the instruction written only in binary form.
Assembly language is not a user-friendly language. This language is also very processor dependent language. A program written for one processor does not work in another processor. Computer viruses are mostly written in this language.
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The languages which are quite similar to written English and are therefore very easier to use in compared to machine language and assembly language are called High-level languages. Programs written in high-level languages are translated into machine language by a language translator called a compiler or an interpreter.
The 1st high-level language was developed by John Backus, in IBM Laboratory, in 1956. Further developed during the 60s, high-level languages were developed to make the programming easier and to overcome the limitations of low-level languages. High-level languages are of 3 types. They are: