Functions of parenchyma :

1. Parenchymatous cells that contain chloroplasts are the main sites of photosynthesis.

2.It serves mainly for the storage of food material in the form of starches, proteins, oils and fats. The parenchymatous tissues in the root and stem tubers are its good examples.

3.In aquatic plants, parenchyma cells (aerenchyma) have lots of spaces that store air to keep them floating and facilitate exchange of gases

4.In fleshy stems and leaves, parenchyma cells store water e.g....

Cuticle is the outermost waxy/hydrophobic layer made up of cutin; it's main function is to prevent the loss of water in form of water vapor through the epidermis. It also helps in reduction of transpiration in the xerophytic plants to prevent water loss and provides protection against desiccation.

Cortex, tissue of unspecialized cells, is located between the epidermis and the vascular tissue in the plants . It helps in the transportation of water and minerals to the center or core of the root through the process of diffusion.

All dicot and monocot plants are the examples of plants with conjoint and collateral vascular bundle.

Typical eg: helianthus , zea mays , pisum sativum. Etc

Annual rings are the rings arranged in concentric forms in the bark of the tree, their numebr represmts the age of the tree whereas their thickness depends upon the season that the tree has lived through.

Cambium is alayer of actively dividing cells found between the xylem and phloem tissues that is

responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots.

The undifferentiated mass of cells formed during tissue culture which can be further grown into new plants is called callus.

Sclereids or stone cells are the dead cells having extremely thick wall which are spherical or oval shaped. They are generally found in hard parts of plant body.

Parenchyma :)

Meristem or meristematic tissues are tissues capable of cell division which are found in all the regions of the plants where growth takes place such as in apex, near internodes and also at the sides (in the lateral position of the plant body).

Therefore, their roles include to aid the primary and secondary growth of the plant body.

The plant that is present having various climatic condition shows different mode of activities cambium ring. If the season is spring the activity of cambium ring is more forming spring wood or early wood. And, if the climatic condition is not good i.e winter or autumn, the activity of cambium ring is less and form late wood. Because of which there forms different distinct ring with the addition of spring wood and autumn wood that is called annual ring. Each and every year one annual ring is...

The sudden, drastic, continuous and heritable change occured in an organism due to permanent change in gene is called mutation.

Some of the major significances of mutation are as follows:-

1. It helps in evolution because it incresess genetic variations and potential for individuals.

2. It helps the organisms to adjust itself against the environmental stresses.

3. The variations induced by mutation helps in natural selection.

4. It also helps in the evolution process of living beings

5. It...