1) Introduction2) Notes on approaches in problem solving (top down design and bottom up design)3) Phases on Programming (problem identification, derive steps for solution (algorithm, flowchart), coding, translation, debugging, executive and testing, documentation) 

Operators can be defined as basic symbols that help us work on logical and mathematical operations. Operators in C and C++, are tools or symbols that are used to perform mathematical operations concerning arithmetic, logical, conditional and, bitwise operations.

It includes basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus operations, increment, and decrement.

The Arithmetic Operators in C and C++ include:

1.  +...

A data type specifies the type of data that a variable can store such as integer, floating, character, etc.

There are the following data types in C language.

The basic data types are integer-based and floating-point based. C language supports both signed and unsigned literals.

The memory size of the basic data types...

Control Structures are just a way to specify flow of control in programs. Any algorithm or program can be more clear and understood if they use self-contained modules called as logic or control structures. It basically analyzes and chooses in which direction a program flows based on certain parameters or conditions.

1. Sequential Logic (Sequential Flow)

   Sequential logic as the name suggests follows a serial or sequential flow in which the flow depends on the series of instructions given to...

For loop is used when number of iteration is known. eg :

``` for (int i=0;i<n;i++){

}

 ```

Incase if while loop , it runs till the condition is true. eg:

```

while(n>0){

}

```

A function is basically a block of statements that performs a particular task. Suppose a task needs to be performed continuously on many data at different points of time, like one at the beginning of the program and one at the end of the program, so instead of writing the same piece of code twice, a person can simply write it in a function and call it twice. And after the execution of any function block, the control always comes back to the main() function.

Here are several...

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a=0;

    int b=1;

    printf("%d %d ",a,b);

    for(int i=0;i<10;i++)

    {

        int c=a+b;

        a=b;

        b=c;

        printf("%d ",c);

    }

}

Output: 

0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 

#include<stdio.h>

void check(int);

int main()

{

    int n;

    printf("enter the number ");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    check(n);

}

void check(int n)

{

    if(n%2==0)

    {

        printf("%d is even number",n);

    }

    else{

        printf("%d is not even number",n);

    }

}

Output:

enter the number 7

7 is not even number

Note cs50 library is used here.

OUTPUT:

enter the number which u want to get multiplication table 3

Multiplication table is

3 * 1 = 3

3 * 2 = 6

3 * 3 = 9

3 * 4 = 12

3 * 5 = 15

3 * 6 = 18

3 * 7 = 21

3 * 8 = 24

3 * 9 = 27

3 * 10 = 30

#include<stdio.h>

void multiply(int);

int main()

{

    int n;

    printf("enter the number which u want to get multiplication table ");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    multiply(n);

}

void multiply(int n)

{

    int results;

    printf("Multiplication table is\...

OUPUT:

enter three number 3 4 5

5 is greater than 3 and 4

#include<stdio.h>

void check(int,int,int);

int main()

{

    int a,b,c;

    printf("enter three number ");

    scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);

    check(a,b,c);

}

void check(int a,int b,int c)

{

    if(a>b&&a>c)

    {

        printf("%d is greater than %d and %d",a,b,c);

    }else if(b>c&&b>a)

   ...

OUPUT:

enter the number 4

The sum of n natural numbers is 10 

PROGRAMS:

#include<stdio.h>

int sum(int);

int main()

{

    int n;

    printf("enter the number ");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    int c=sum(n);

    printf("The sum of n natural numbers is %d ",c);

}

int sum(int n)

{

    int d=n*(n+1)/2;

    return d;

}

OUPUT:

enter the number 21334

The reverse of number is 43312 

PROGRAMS:

#include<stdio.h>

int sum(int);

int main()

{

    int n;

    printf("enter the number ");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    int c=sum(n);

    printf("The reverse of number is %d ",c);

}

int sum(int n)

{

    int r,rev=0;

   while(n!=0)

   {

       r=n%10;

       rev=rev*10+r;

        n=n/10;

...

OUPUT:

Enter any number 6

factorial is 720

PROGRAMS:

#include<stdio.h> 

int fact (int);

int main()

{

    int n,f;

    printf("Enter any number ");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    f = fact(n);

    printf("factorial is %d",f);

    return 0;

}

int fact (int n)

{

    if (n<=1)

        return 1;

    else

        return (n*fact(n-1));

}

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

    int a[10], i, j, temp;

    printf("Enter 10 numbers:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

        scanf("%d", &a[i]);

    }

        for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {

        for (j = i+1; j < 10; j++) {

            if (a[i] > a[j]) {

                temp = a[i];

     ...

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int a[3][3], b[3][3], c[3][3];

    int i, j, k, choice;

    printf("Enter the elements of first matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

        for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

            scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);

        }

    }

    printf("Enter the elements of second matrix:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

 ...

#include <stdio.h>

struct student {

    char name[50];

    int rollno;

    float percentage;

};

int main() {

    struct student s[10];

    int i;

    printf("Enter details of 10 students:\n");

    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

        printf("\nStudent %d:\n", i+1);

        printf("Name: ");

        scanf("%s", s[i].name);

        printf("Roll Number:...

Recursion in C is a process where a function calls itself as a subroutine in order to solve a particular problem. In this process, the function repeats itself with different arguments until a specific termination condition.

OUPUT:

Enter any number 6

factorial is 720

PROGRAMS:

#include<stdio.h> 

int fact (int);

int main()

{

    int n,f;

    printf("Enter any number ");

    scanf("%d",&n);

    f = fact(n);

    printf("factorial is %d",f);

...

A function in C is a block of code that performs a specific task. It is a reusable code module that can be called by other parts of a program. Functions help in modular programming, where complex programs are divided into smaller, simpler parts that can be easily understood and maintained. 

OUPUT:

enter two number 4 5 

the sum of two numbers is 9

PROGRAMS:

#include<stdio.h>

int sum(int*,int*);

int main()

{

    int a,b;

    printf("enter two number ");

   ...

Structures in C are used to group together related data of different data types into a single user-defined data type. They provide a way to organize and represent complex data structures in a more manageable way.

OUPUT:

Enter the number of records u wanted to get 3

Enter the name, age and salary

Aadarsh 17 92382

Enter the name, age and salary

Bhagat 17 2872302

Enter the name, age and salary

Vision 17 8293202

Name is Aadarsh

 Age is 17

 Salary is 92382

Name is Bhagat

 Age is 17

 Salary...