Prabin Kalikote

A substance or a combination of substances, usually steroids administered orally which prevents conception or pregnancy is called oral pills.
Its advantages are:
        - It is inexpensive.
        - It helps to continue mensuration.
Its disadvantages are:
        - It is not effective if not taken regularly.
        - Doctor's advice should be taken before using it.

Total fertility rate is the average number of live births to a women throughout her reproductive period. It summarizes the pattern of age specific fertility rate. It just a mathematical estimation of fertility rate rather than actual calculation. TFR can be calculated by multiplying the sum total of age specific fertility rate by 5 and dividing by 1,000.

Mathematically,
TFR = 5 * ( ΣASFR/1000 )
Here,
TFR: Total Fertility Rate.
ΣASFR: Total sum of Age Specific...

Any two disadvantages of Norplant are:
        - Irregular mensuration in the beginning.
        - No prevention of STDs, STIs and HIV/AIDS.

Any two examples of direct measures of population control measures are:
        - Appropriate age at marriage.
        - Use of contraceptive devices.

Any two adverse Impact of uncontrolled migration on social aspects are:
        - Uneven distribution of human resource.
        - Centralization of social and infrastructural facilities.

Mid year population is considered as the total population of any place at the mid of the year and calculated as the average of total population in the first and final day of the year.

Sex ratio is the ratio of male population to female population that is expressed as the number of male population for every 100 female population.