Prabin Kalikote

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Differentiae between.a. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbonsb. Alkanes and alkenes.c. Alkanes and alkynes.d. Propene and propyne.

a. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Saturated	Unsaturated
The hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are connected by single covalent bond is called saturated hydrocarbons.	The hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are connected by multiple covalent bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
They are also called alkanes.	They are also called alkenes or alkynes.

b. Alkanes and alkenes.

Alkanes	Alkenes
It is connected by single covalent bond.	It is connected by multi-covalent bond.
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What is glucose? Write down its chemical formula.

Glucose is a white crystalline powder which dissolve easily in water. Its chemical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆.

Write any three uses of ether.

Any three uses of ether are listed below:
> It is used as organic solvent.
> It is used for purification of organic compounds.
> It is used as refrigerant for cooling purpose.

What is ether? Draw the structural formula of dimethyl ether and diethyl ether.

An organic compound having oxygen in between two alkyl groups is called ether.
Structural formula of dimethyl ether.

Structural formula of diethyl ether.

Write down the structural and condensed formula of glycerol with its three uses.

Structural formula:
Condensed formula: CH₂OH - CHOH - CH₂OH
Its three uses are:
> It is used as sweetening agent of confectionery.
> It is used in lip guards, face cream, etc.
> It is used for preservation of fruits and tobacco.

What are alcohols? Write down their types and examples of each.

Alcohols are organic compound which contains hydroxyl group (OH). Its types are:
> Monohydric alcohol ---------> Methanol
> Dihydric alcohol ---------> Ethylene glycol
> Trihydric alcohol ----------> Glycerol

What is meant by isomers and isomerism? What are the possible isomers of pentane?

Isomers are organic compounds having the same molecular formula but a different structure and properties.
Isomerism is the existence of two or more different organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structure and properties.
The possible isomers of pentane are:
n-pentane
iso-pentane