Explain how the P-type and N-type semiconductor are formed .
P-type and N-type semiconductors are formed through a process called doping. In P-type doping, impurities with fewer valence electrons than the semiconductor material, such as boron or gallium, are introduced, creating positively charged "holes" as the majority charge carriers. In N-type doping, impurities with more valence electrons, like phosphorus or arsenic, are added, resulting in an excess of negatively charged electrons as the majority charge carriers. Doping alters the electrical...