33 Science -- Hydrocarbon and it's Compounds

What is meant by isomers and isomerism? What are the possible isomers of pentane?

1 Answers

Isomers are organic compounds having the same molecular formula but a different structure and properties.
Isomerism is the existence of two or more different organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structure and properties.
The possible isomers of pentane are:
n-pentane
iso-pentane

What is a hydrocarbon? Give any 3 examples.

The compounds which are formed by the combination of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.

Its examples are:

Methane (CH₄)
Ethane (C₂H₆)
Ethene (C₂H₄)

Define saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with any two examples of each.

Hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are connected by a single covalent bond are called saturated hydrocarbons.
For eg. Methane, ethane, propane, etc.
Hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are connected by the multiple covalent bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Foe eg. Ethene, ethyne.

what is alkanes? Give any three examples.

The saturated hydrocarbons in which all carbon atoms are connected by a single covalent bond is called alkanes.
Any three examples are:
Methane (CH₄)
Ethane (C₂H₆)
Pentane (C₅H₁₂)

Define alkenes and alkynes with any three examples.

The unsaturated hydrocarbons in which any two carbon atoms are connected by a double covalent bond are called alkenes.
Eg. (ene groups)
Methene, Ethene, etc.
The unsaturated hydrocarbons in which any two carbon atoms are connected by a triple covalent bond are called alkynes.
Eg. (ene groups)
Methyne, Ethyne, etc.

What is meant by functional group? give any two examples.

A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that determines the chemical properties of a hydrocarbons.
For example:
Ether ( - 0 - )
Aldehyde ( - CHO )

Write down the structural formula, molecular formula and condensed formula of:

a. Saturated hydrocarbon having three carbon atoms.
Name: Propane
Formula: C₃H₈
b. An alkene having four carbon atoms.
Name: Butene
Formula: C₄H₈c. An alkyne having two carbon atoms.
Name: Ethyne
Formula: C₂H₂

What is meant by homologous series? Write down structural formula of 1st five members of homologous series.

The group organic compounds having similar structure and chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by - CH₂ group is called homologous series.
The first five members are:
Methane ( CH₄ )
Ethane ( C₂H₆ )
Propane ( C₃H₈ )
Butane ( C₄H₁₀ )
Pentane ( C₅H₁₂ )

Write down the structural formula, occurrence and and two uses of the given hydrocarbons.

a. Methane.
It occurs in gaseous state at room temperature.
Its two uses are:
> It is used in laboratory.
> It is used to make printing ink and paints.
b. Ethane.
It occurs in natural gas and petroleum mines.
Its two uses are:
> It is used as the source of heat.
> It is used for making shoe polish, ink, etc.
c. Propane.
It occurs in natural gas and petroleum mines in the form of saturated hydrocarbon.
Its two uses are:
> It is used in laboratory.
> It is...

What are alcohols? Write down their types and examples of each.

Alcohols are organic compound which contains hydroxyl group (OH). Its types are:
> Monohydric alcohol ---------> Methanol
> Dihydric alcohol ---------> Ethylene glycol
> Trihydric alcohol ----------> Glycerol

Write down the structural and condensed formula of glycerol with its three uses.

Structural formula:
Condensed formula: CH₂OH - CHOH - CH₂OH
Its three uses are:
> It is used as sweetening agent of confectionery.
> It is used in lip guards, face cream, etc.
> It is used for preservation of fruits and tobacco.

What is ether? Draw the structural formula of dimethyl ether and diethyl ether.

An organic compound having oxygen in between two alkyl groups is called ether.
Structural formula of dimethyl ether.

Structural formula of diethyl ether.

Write any three uses of ether.

Any three uses of ether are listed below:
> It is used as organic solvent.
> It is used for purification of organic compounds.
> It is used as refrigerant for cooling purpose.

What is glucose? Write down its chemical formula.

Glucose is a white crystalline powder which dissolve easily in water. Its chemical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆.

Differentiae between.a. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbonsb. Alkanes and alkenes.c. Alkanes and alkynes.d. Propene and propyne.

a. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Saturated	Unsaturated
The hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are connected by single covalent bond is called saturated hydrocarbons.	The hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms are connected by multiple covalent bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
They are also called alkanes.	They are also called alkenes or alkynes.

b. Alkanes and alkenes.

Alkanes	Alkenes
It is connected by single covalent bond.	It is connected by multi-covalent bond.
It...

Why is propane called a saturated hydrocarbon?

We all know that, propane contains all the carbon atoms that are connected by a single covalent bond. It is chemically less reactive so, it is called a saturated hydrocarbon.

Why are alkanes also called paraffins?

We all know that alkanes are chemically less reactive. Here, para means less and affins means reactivity. So, alkanes are also called paraffins.

Butene are a unsaturated hydrocarbons. Why?

We all know that, butene contains two carbon atoms connected each other with double covalent bond. It is chemically more reactive also. So, it is called unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Methane gas is called marsh gas. Why?

We know that, methane is formed by the decomposition of organic matter within water in marshy places. So, it is called marsh gas.

Identify the given hydrocarbon is saturated or not.

Propyne.
> It is unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Name and write the structural formula of the new hydrocarbon formed when above hydrocarbon reacts with plenty of hydrogen.

Name: Propane
Structural formula:

Write any two uses of the given hydrocarbons.

a. Ethane.
> It is used in laboratory.
> It is used as source of heat.
b. Ethyl alcohol.
>It is used in laboratory.
> It is used as a fuel.
c. Diethyl ether.
> It is used as organic solvent.
> It is used as purification if organic compounds.

Write down the name of compound and its structural formula formed by the displacement of three hydrogen atoms of propane by three hydroxyl groups.

Name: Glycerol
Structural formula:

What is glucose? Write its molecular formula and functions in the body.

Glucose is a white crystalline powder which dissolves in water easily.
Its chemical formula is C₆H₁₂O₆.
Its function in our body are:
- It helps our body to produce APT.
- It helps to transport free sugar in the blood.
- It provides energy inside cell if living body.
- It plays vital role in metabolism.

What happens when there is high sugar level in the blood of human beings?

High sugar level in the blood of human beings causes swelling of different body parts. It also increases the chance of obesity.

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