Frog is selected to study in our curriculum because of following reasons:-

1. It is non-poisonous and harmless creature.

2. It is easily available and inexpensive.

3. Its size is convenient for dissection in the laboratory to demonstrate its anatomy.

4. It can be kept alive without food for several days.

5.It's life cycle is simple and can be easily observed.

6. It is a good representative of vertebrates and shows many structural and functional similarities with higher vertebrates, including the...

The crown part of tooth is externally polished with a very hard, whitish, shiny substance called enamel.

Frog is called amphibian because adult frog live on both land and water. Its tadpole larva is aquatic, undergoes metamorphosis process before change into adult.

Being poikilothermic animal, frogs need to undergo hibernation and aestivation to prevent itself from hazards due to extremely fluctuating body temperature as per the surrounding. The extremely low or high temperature may hamper its biological function leading to death.

Cloaca is a common opening of digestive, excretory and reproductive systems.

Anus is a terminal opening of digestive tract.

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract downwards to oesophagus after the ingestion of food by contraction and relaxation of muscular wall of alimemtary canal to push food downwards for digestion and absorption along the alimemtary canal.

Specialized hepatic cells called kupffer cells serve as phagocytic cells.

Frog doesnot drink water directly, but water requirement is maintained by absorbing water molecules directly from its skin, and als it retains body water by absorbing water present in the faecal matters in the region of rectum by rectal papillae cells.