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21 Chemistry -- Metals and Metallurgical Process

Note down the general metallurgical processes.

Note down the general metallurgical processes.

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Metallurgy is the branch of science that deals with the extraction of metals from their ores and refining them.

Following are the general processes involved in metallurgy:

• Crushing and Pulverization

• Concentration of Ore

  1. Hand-picking
  2. Gravity separation
  3. Froth floatation
  4. Magnetic separation
  5. Leaching

• Calcination / Roasting

• Reduction of Ore into free Metals

  1. Carbon reduction
  2. Alumino thermite reaction
  3. Self reduction
  4. Electrolytic reduction

• Refining of Metal

  1. Liquation
  2. Poling
  3. Electrolytic refining
  4. Distillation
  5. Zone refining

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Explain the terms: Gangue or Matrix, Flux and Slag.

What is meant by '18 carat' gold? What does the word 'carat' signify?

Pure gold is 24 carat which is very malleable. But for the purpose of making ornaments or jewellery, it is generally hardened by adding the other metals like copper or gold which is an alloy. Thus, '18 carat' gold means an alloy of gold in which 18 parts by weight of pure gold is alloyed with 6 parts by weight of the other metals like Cu or the silver i.e. 18 carat gold contains 75% pure gold and rest is other metals like Cu of Ag etc. and its fitness is 750.

Carat : Gold content of an alloy...

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