Movement of water molecules from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration of molecules through semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is attained is called osmosis.

Diffusionis the movement of molecules in fluid from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.Heat conduction in fluids involves thermal energy transported, or diffused, from higher to lower temperature.

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution,the water present in the cell flows outwards to maintain the concentration gradient due to which the cytoplasm of the cell loses water andshrinks, this is called palsmolysis.

The exact oppositeof palsmolysis :)

Ie. :

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water present outside of the cell flows inwards to maintain the net water level, due to which the cell becomes turgid, this process is called deplasmolysis or cytolsis.

Plasmolysis occurs when exosmosis takes place, i.e. if cell is kept in hypertonic solution.

in contrast, deplasmolysis occurs when water moves inside cell, i.e. if cell is placed in hypotonic solution.

1. Temperature: It increases with increase in temperature.
2. Concentration of solute particles: More are the solute particles, more would be the osmotic pressure.
3. Pressure :More the pressure, faster will the molecules move across the membrane for they are being pushed faster across a low concentration.

Significance of diffusion

Large quantities of water are absorbed by roots from the soil by osmosis

1.Cell to cell movement of water and other dissolved substances involves osmosis

2. Opening and closing of stomata depend upon the turgor pressure of guard cells.

3. Due to osmosis, the turgidity of the cells and hence the shape or form of the organs is maintained.

4. The resistance of plants to drought and frost increases with increase in osmotic pressure.

5. Turgidity of the cells of the young...

1. Role in the movement of water

2. Role in the absorption and translocation of mineral salts

3. Role of regulation of temperature

4. Role on growth and development

5. Involves in improvement in the quality of fruits

6. Transpiration help in hardening process

The opening and closing if stomata depends upon turgidity of guard cells.Each guard cell has a thicker wall on the sode facing stoma and a thin wall on the opposite side.Guard cells contain chloroplast.

According to K+ transport Theory, turgidity of guard cell is depending upon the entrance of K+ ions,into the guard cells.ATP helps to intake K+ ions .As the K+ ions enter into the cell, the turgidity of guard cell increases and stomata are opened.

During light malic acid is formed in the guard...

Ascent of sap is the phenomenon which helps to uptake water from roots to tip of plants. Many theories have been purposed to explain ascent of sap.

Ascent of sap by transpirational pull was given by Dixon and Joly.

According to this theory the column of water is pulled upwards by the tension created due to the loss of water by transpiration in leaves.

Water forms a continuous column extending between the root and the leaf parenchyma cells through the xylem ducts. This is also called Hydrostatic...

Osmotic potential is the decrease in the chemical potential due to deposition of solute particles in the solution. It is the total number of solute particles present in the volume of a solution. Osmotic potential is directly proportional to the osmotic pressure and both are quantitatively equal. However, osmotic pressure has positive sign while osmotic potential has negative sign.

When turgid cell i s placed in hypertonic solution. plasmolysis occurs. The plasmolysis is shrinkage of protoplast due to loss of solvent during exosmosis when cell is placed in hypertonic solution. Ultimately cell will die.

According to ring experiments, the path of ascent of sap is xylem elements like tracheid and vessel.

The hypertonic solution has higher concentration of solutes than cells. while the hypotonic solution contains lower concentration solutes as compared to cells. When cells and solutions have equal concentration of solutes, then they are called isotonic solutions. When living cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cell will gain solvent when placed in hypotonic solution due to endosmosis. There is no loss or gain (net gain zero) when a cell is placed in an isotonic solution.

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