While diarrhoea is the second major killer among the under-five children in the world with an estimation of 760,000 deaths annually, it stands as a major killer in Nepal with an annual incidence of 500 per 1000 under-five children with diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is responsible for a wide range of morbidity and mortality among children in Nepal. The objective of this review work is to identify the eco-social and behavioural determinants of diarrhoea among the under-five children of Nepal.

Explanation:

Children of age group 6–23 months are at higher risk, as supplementary diets are introduced to the children from the age of 6 months. Male children have better access to healthcare services. Malnourished children also have a higher chance of developing persistent diarrhoea. The provision of safe water and sanitation has a direct link with the prevention and control of diarrhoea. The male gender with high income positively influences the treatment-seeking behaviour. Mother’s education and hand-washing practice have a direct influence on child health. Hand-washing practices with soap which are protective are influenced by cultural beliefs. The involvement of community health volunteers increases access to the health system, thereby reducing the diarrhoeal burden in the community.