3 Biology -- Human Population and Health Disorders

Describe causes and signs of heart attack.

1 Answers

A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when there is a blockage or reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to damage or death of the heart tissue. The primary cause of a heart attack is usually the formation of a blood clot within one of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Here are the main causes and signs of a heart attack:

Causes of a Heart Attack:

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): The most common cause of a heart attack is CAD, which is a buildup of fatty deposits called plaques within the coronary arteries. These plaques can rupture, leading to the formation of a blood clot that blocks blood flow to the heart.

2. Blood Clot: A blood clot can form at the site of a plaque rupture or develop elsewhere and travel to a coronary artery, causing a blockage.

3. Spasm of Coronary Arteries: In some cases, the coronary arteries may undergo a spasm, narrowing or blocking blood flow to the heart muscle.

Signs of a Heart Attack:

1. Chest Discomfort: The most common symptom of a heart attack is a feeling of pressure, tightness, heaviness, or pain in the chest. This discomfort may last for a few minutes or come and go.

2. Upper Body Pain: Pain or discomfort may radiate to other areas of the upper body, such as the arms (especially the left arm), back, neck, jaw, or stomach.

3. Shortness of Breath: Feeling breathless or experiencing difficulty in breathing, often accompanying chest discomfort.

4. Profuse Sweating: Sudden sweating or cold, clammy skin, which may be more pronounced in women.

5. Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience feelings of nausea, indigestion, or vomiting.

6. Lightheadedness or Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, or faint may occur during a heart attack.

7. Fatigue: Unexplained fatigue or extreme exhaustion, sometimes lasting for days or weeks leading up to the heart attack.

It's important to note that heart attack symptoms can vary among individuals, and some people may not experience the classic symptoms. Additionally, women, older adults, and individuals with diabetes may exhibit atypical symptoms. If you or someone else is experiencing symptoms that could indicate a heart attack, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services. Early recognition and prompt treatment are vital for the best possible outcome during a heart attack.

What is Heart attack? Mention its medications and surgical procedures.

A Heart attack, also called a myocardial infarction(MI), occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is blocked.

Medications of heart attack

1. Use of aspirin

2. Use of thrombolytics

3. Nitroglycerin- used to treat chest pain , can help improve blood flow to the heart by widening(dilating) of the blood vessels.

4. Beta blockers- helps to relax heart muscles, slow your heart beat and decrease blood pressure.

Surgical Procedures:

1. Coronary angioplasty and stenting

2. Coronary artery bypass...

2. Mention causes of drug abuse.

The causes of drug abuse are:
1. Curiosity

2. Peer group pressure

3. Excitement

4. Persistent use to get relief from pain

5. Family history of consumption of drugs

6. To overcome frustration and depression

7. Desire to do more physical or mental work.

3. Write differences between 'J' shaped and 'S' shaped curve.

The differences between 'J' shaped curve and 'S' shaped curve are:

'J' shaped curve	'S' shaped curve
1. It denotes the growth in 'J' shaped manner.	1. It denotes the growth in 'S' shaped manner.
2. This curve passes through the two phases- the lag phase (slowly growing) and the exponential phase ( fast growing) phases.	2. This curve passes through the three phases- the lag phase, exponential phase, and stationary or constant phase due to the equality in birth rate and death rate.

4. Mention the factors affecting population.

The factors affecting population are:

1. Natality- It is the expressed as the number of births per 1000 individuals per year.

2. Mortality- It is the average number of individuals that die per 1000 persons in a population per year.

3. Immigration- Entry of migrants into a country from other with intention of settling is immigration.

4. Emigration- Going out into other country for settlement is called emigration.

5. Environmental factors include availability of food, habitat, natural calamity such...

5. Explain Malthus theory of human population growth.

'Malthus theory" is based on following facts:

1. The means of subsistence (mean of supporting life, like food) grows only arithmetically while unchecked population grows geometrically.

2. The rapid growth of population creates imbalances with the environment.

3. The imbalances at higher degree causes malnutrition, hunger, spread of diseases, droughts, war, etc. which ultimately reduce the population up to the level of the availability of substituent ( food etc).

Describe common type of heart diseases?

Heart disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart and its functioning. Here are some common types of heart diseases:

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD is the most prevalent type of heart disease. It occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. This can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and other serious complications.

2. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): High blood pressure occurs when...

What is drug addiction ? Discuss the causes, effect and control measures of drug addiction.

Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, refers to a chronic and relapsing condition characterized by the compulsive use of drugs despite negative consequences. It is a complex health issue that involves both physical and psychological dependence on a substance. Drug addiction can have severe effects on an individual's health, relationships, and overall well-being.

Causes of Drug Addiction:

1. Biological Factors: Genetic predisposition and variations in brain chemistry can make...

What is population explosion? Discuss causes, impact and control strategies of human population growth.

Population explosion refers to a rapid and dramatic increase in the size of the human population over a relatively short period. It occurs when the birth rate significantly exceeds the death rate, leading to exponential population growth. This phenomenon has important implications for resources, environment, social systems, and overall sustainability.

Causes of Population Growth:

1. High Fertility Rates: A major factor contributing to population growth is high fertility rates, particularly in...

Difference between J shaped and S shaped population growth curves

The J-shaped and S-shaped population growth curves are two different patterns that represent how a population's size changes over time.

1. J-Shaped Population Growth Curve:The J-shaped curve, also known as exponential growth, is characterized by rapid and unrestricted population growth. In this pattern, the population size increases at an accelerating rate over time, resulting in a curve that resembles the letter "J." The J-shaped curve occurs when there are abundant resources available for...

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