33 Science -- Chromosome and Sex Determination

What is meant by chromosomal disorder? Give any three example.

1 Answers

A disorder that occurs in the human body due to the increase or decrease in the number of chromosomes is called chromosomal disorder.
Any 3 examples are:
- Down's syndrome.
- Klinefelter's syndrome.
- Turner's Syndrome.

What is chromosomes?

Chromosomes are the long, thin thread like structurefound inside the nucleusof a cell containing genes insideit.

Where are chromosomes located?

Chromosomes are located inside the nucleus of a cell.

What are different types of chromosomes?

The different types of chromosomes are:
- Meta centric.
- Sub-metacentric.
- Acrocentric.
- Telocentric.

What is the literal meaning of chromosomes?

The literal meaning of chromosomes are:
Chrome: color.
Soma: body.

What are chromosomes made up of? What are genes? Where are they located?

Chromosome are made of the gentle material DNAand protein.
A gene is the segment of DNA which can form exact copies by the process of replication.
It is locatedin chromosomes.

What are chromatids and centromere?

The two identical stands of a chromosomes is called chromatids.
The constricted part where the chromatids are attached firmly to each other is called centromere.

What is metacentric chromosome?

Metacentric chromosomes are the chrosomes in which the centromere is located at the center dividing the chromatids into two halves.

What are acrocentric and telocentric chrosomes?

Acrocentric chromosomes are the chrosomes in whichthe centromere is located away from the center.
Telecentre chromosomes are the chrosomes in whichthe centromere is located at the end of chromatids.

What is diploid cell? Write down the number of chromosomes in the diploid cell of a gorilla, pine and frog.

The somatic cells that contains the diploid number ofchromosomesis calleddiploidcells. The number of chromosomein the diploid cell of a gorilla, pine and frog are:
Gorilla: 24
Pine:12
Frog:13

What is a haploid cell?

The gametes cell that contains haploid number ofchromosomes is called haploid cell.

Write 3 functions of chromosomes.

Any 3 functions of chromosomes are:
- It acts as ahereditary vehicles.
-It control protein synthesis, cell growth and cell-repair.
-It forms link between parents and their off-springs.

Write down the chromosomes in diploid and haploid cell of human, pea, onion and rice.

Name	Diploid	Haploid
Human	23 pairs	23
Pea	7 pairs	7
Onion	8 pairs	8
Rice	12 pairs	12

What are sex chromosomes? How do they differ from autosomes?

The chromosomes that carry gene for the sexualcharacters called sexchromosomes.
Chromosome of this type is different from autosomesis that autosomes determines various characteristicsof thebody where as sex chromosomes determines sex of anindividual.

How is sex determined in human beings? Describe in brief.

Sex chromosomes are responsible for the determination ofsex in human body. Sex is determinedby the geneticinheritance.Sexchromosomesthat carries genes formalecharacters are Y and female Y. So,

What are the causes of chromosomal disorder?

The cause of chromosomal disorder are:
- Dilation.
- Duplication.
- Translocation in the chromosomes.

What is Docon's Syndrome? Write its importance or major symptoms?

Down's Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by thepresence of all or part of an extrachromosomes.
Its major symptoms are:
-Difficultiesin physical activities.
-Slanting eyes and small ears.
-Short sightedness.
-Congenitalheart defects.

What is kilenfelter syndrome? Write its major symptoms.

Kilenfelter syndrome is a genetic disorder causeddueto the increase in sex chromosome in male
Its major symptoms are:
-Tendency to loose chest hair.
-Poor beard growth.
-Breast development.
-Small tastes.
-Frontal baldness absent.

What is Turner's syndrome? Write its major symptoms.

Turner's syndrome is a chromosomal disorder occurredin female due to the decrease of sex chrosomes.
Its major symptoms are:
-Swelling of hands & feet of newborn baby.
-Broad chest.
-Low-set ears.
-Obesity.
-Poorly developed ovaries.

Which syndrome occurs due to the lack of x chromosomes in female?

Turner's syndrome occurs due to the lack of x chromosomein female.

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