Reverberation

It is the persistence or prolongation of sound in an enclosure (room or hall) as a result of multiple reflections from the walls, ceiling, and other materials even after the original source has ceased to emit the sound.

When sound waves are produced in a hall, they spread out and strike the surfaces of the hall. Then the sound waves are partly absorbed and partly reflected depending upon the character of the surface. A smooth hard surface reflects most of the sound incident on it. A rough or porous surface absorbs most of the sound incident on it. Since the surface absorbs a part of sound energy in each reflection, the sound becomes weaker and weaker and finally becomes too weak to be heard.

The time for which the sound persists until it becomes inaudible is called reverberation time. The reverberation time in a room should not be very large or very small. If it is very large, the clarity of sound in the room is lost. If it is too small, weaker sounds are not audible at some places in the room.

Acoustics of Building

The branch of physics which deals with the production of the best sound effects in rooms, halls, etc is called acoustics of buildings.

The following acoustical conditions have to be secured in a large room or hall.

1. There must be sufficient loudness in all parts of the room.


2. The noise from outside the room should not enter the room.


3. The reverberation time should have an optimum value, i.e. should not be too large or too small.


4. There should be no echoes.


5. There should not be any silent zones in the room.


6. There should not be any undesirable focussing of sound due to reflections.