1. Choose and write down correct answers: [1 mark x 11]

a. The main plant of tropical riverine deciduous forest is:
i. Castanopsisindica
ii. Schimawalllichi
iii. Shorearobasta
iv. Acacia catechu

b. Which of the following protected area is under in-situ conservation?
i. National botanical garden Godavari
ii. Chitwan national park
iii. Jogimara community seed bank
 iv. Malpokharibotanical garden ilam.

c. Killing the organism for feeding is:
i.Parasitism
ii. Predation
iii Exploitation
iv. Symbiosis

d. A peculiar amino acids present in bacterial cell wall is:
i. Glutamine
ii. Alanine
iii. Diaminopimelic acid
iv. Aspartate.

e. Which one is denitrifying bacteria?
i.Azotobactor
ii. Rhodospirillum
iii. Pseudomonas
iv. Rhizobium

f. Which of the following is common for carbohydrates, proteins and lipids?
i.Monomers are amino acids
ii. On breakdown release fatty acids
iii. Follow condensation reaction
iv. Composition of cell wall.

g. Rearing and management of silkworms for the extraction of raw silk is termed as: i.Sericulture
ii. Apiculture
iii. Horticulture
iv. vermiculture

h. Which of the following is suspected to be extinct in Nepal?
i.Stripped hyena
ii. Mahaseer
iii. Wild buffalo
iv. Pygmy hog

i. Surrounding area of national park and wildlife reserve is called:
i.Buffer zone
ii. Biodiversity hotspot
iii. Wildlife sanctuaries
iv. Biosphere reserves

j. Glyptothorax moves against the water current, this movement is called:
i.Positiverheotaxis
ii negative rheotaxis
iii. Positive thigmotaxis
iv. Negative thigmotaxis

k. The main function of contractile vacuole in protozoa is:
i. Osmoregulation
ii. Reproduction
iii. Excretion
iv. Food regulation.

Group "B"

2. Give short answers: [5 marks x 8 = 40]

a. Draw well labeled diagrams to show scalariform conjugation in Spirogyra. Why is Spirogyra kept in Chlorophyceae? Write down two ecological importances of algae. [3+1+1]

b. Give a short description about haploid generation of Dryopteris (fern). Write two similarities between haploid generations of Dryopteris and Marchantia. [3+2]

OR

What is saprotrophic fungi? Write the role of saprotrophic fungi in agriculture. What is the difference between coenocytic and septate hypha? [2+2+1]

c. Describe about nitrogen cycle with necessary diagrams.

d. What do you mean by organic evolution? Differentiate between analogous and homologous organs with examples. [2+3]

e. The Cro-Magnons are the immediate ancestor of the modern man. Justify and give their zoological names also. [3+2]

f. Describe about the asexual reproduction in Paramecium with diagrams.

g. Describe the nervous system of earthworm along with diagrams.

OR

Give any three characteristic features of phylum Nemathelminths with two examples. Also draw a well labeled diagram of an organism that belongs to this phylum. [3+2]

h. Define biomagnifications. Write shortly about different types of pollutants. [1+4]

Group C

3. Answer the following questions: [8 marks x 3 =24]

a. i. Compare the floral characters of pea family and potato family along with their floral diagrams and floral formulae. [4 ]
ii. Define hierarchy. Give the hierarchy of mustard plant. [1+1]
iii. What is binomial nomenclature? Give two examples from family Liliaceae. [1+0.5+0.5]

b. i. compare the mitosis and meiosis II stages with diagrams [prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase] [5]
ii. What are chromosomes made of? Where are the chromosomes located? [1+1]
iii. Why are gametes haploid? [1]

c. What do you understand by myogenic heart? Describe the internal structure and working mechanism of the heart of frog. [1+4+3]

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