Name some antibiotics obtained from various species of fungi.

Define the following terms.microbial biotechnologyantibioticsfermentation

Microbial biotechnology is the application of biotechnology principles and techniques to the study and utilization of microorganisms and their products. Antibiotics are used to treat the bacterial infections. Fermentation is a process in which sugars are transformed into a new product through chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms

Write economic importance of bacteria.

The economic importance of bacteria are mentioned below:

Beneficial effects of Bacteria:

1. Role in agriculture

• Nature’s scavengers (ammonifying bacteria): Saprophytic bacteria cause decay and decomposition of dead plants or animals and release the raw-materials for mew generation.Eg, Bacillus mycoides, B. ramosus, and B. vulgaris, etc.

• Nitrifying Bacteria: Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter) convert ammonium compounds into nitrates. It occurs in two steps: In the first step ammonia...

What is a spermatozoon ? Describe it's structure.

5. Describe accessory reproductive organs of male.

The accessory reproductive organs of male are:

1. Seminal Vesicles

- These are 2 lobulated sacs. It is located between bladder and the rectum. They secrete thick alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm as they pass into ejaculatory ducts.

2. Prostate gland

- It is the largest accessory gland of male reproductive organ. It lies below the neck of urinary bladder. Its secretion mixes with secretion of seminal vesicles and bulbourethral gland to form seminal fluid.

3. Bulbourethral gland

- They are also...

Describe the structure of ovary with a diagram. 

What is menstruation? Describe menstrual cycle in human female in detail.